Promoting the adhesion of a surface of a titanium material

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for promoting the adhesion of a surface of a titanium material ( 5 ). In order to enable improved, in particular environmentally friendly, adhesion promotion of the surface, an adhesion promoting layer is applied, which comprises nanotubes ( 13 ) that include titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and have diameters of 10 to 300 nm. The method also comprises applying an organic material to the adhesion promoting layer ( 11 ) with good adhesion.

1 . A method of promoting the adhesion of a surface of a titanium material, the method comprising:
 creating an adhesion promoting layer that is fixed to the surface of the titanium material and comprises nanotubes, wherein the nanotubes include titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and have diameters in a range of 10 nm to 300 nm; and   applying an organic material to the adhesion promoting layer with good adhesion.   
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising coating the surface of the titanium material with the organic material. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising bonding a further material to the surface comprising the nanotubes by way of an adhesive layer of the organic material. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 3 , further comprising structurally bonding a component comprising the titanium material to a further component by way of a bond that comprises the adhesive layer of the organic material. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising anodically oxidizing the surface of the titanium material so as to create the nanotubes of the adhesion promoting layer. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising anodically oxidizing, without using hydrofluoric acid, the surface of the titanium material so as to create the nanotubes of the adhesion promoting layer. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising anodically oxidizing the surface in an electrolyte that comprises 50 g/l to 250 g/l ammonium sulfate and 0.5 to 10 g/l ammonium fluoride, at a temperature in a range of 10° C. to 60° C., at a voltage in a range of 2 volts to 50 volts, for a time in a range of 5 minutes to 480 minutes. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the titanium material is made of Ti6Al4V. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 7 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 120 g/l to 140 g/l ammonium sulfate and 4 g/l to 6 g/l ammonium fluoride. 
     
     
         10 . A vehicle comprising:
 a titanium material having a surface and an organic material that is associated with the surface with good adhesion; and   an adhesion promoting layer disposed between the surface and the organic material, the adhesion promoting layer being fixed to the surface of the titanium material and associated with the organic material with good adhesion, the adhesion promoting layer comprising nanotubes that include titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and have diameters in a range of 10 nm to 300 nm.   
     
     
         11 . The vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein the vehicle comprises a component comprising the titanium material and the adhesion promoting layer, the component being structurally bonded to a further component of the vehicle by way of an adhesive layer of the organic material. 
     
     
         12 . The vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein the adhesion promoting layer has a thickness in a range selected from a group of ranges comprising: 100 nm to 10 μm, 200 nm to 1 μm; 250 nm to 800 nm; 280 nm to 600 nm; and 300 nm to 500 nm. 
     
     
         13 . The vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein the titanium material is made of Ti6Al4V. 
     
     
         14 . The vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein the vehicle is an aircraft. 
     
     
         15 . The vehicle according to  claim 10 , wherein the diameters are in a range selected from a group of ranges comprising: 20 nm to 220 nm; 30 nm to 180 nm; 40 to 140 nm; and 50 nm to 100 nm. 
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 7 , wherein the temperature is in a range 20° C. to 30° C., the voltage is in a range of 10 volts to 20 volts, and the time is in a range of 20 minutes to 40 minutes. 
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 1 , further comprising anodically oxidizing the surface in an electrolyte that comprises ammonium sulfate and ammonium fluoride. 
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 50 g/l to 250 g/l ammonium sulfate and 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l ammonium fluoride. 
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 17 , wherein the surface is anodically oxidized at a temperature in a range of 10° C. to 60° C., at a voltage in a range of 2 volts to 50 volts, for a time in a range of 5 minutes to 480 minutes. 
     
     
         20 . An electrolyte to produce a porous surface of a titanium material, the electrolyte comprising:
 an ammonium sulfate in a range of 50 g/l to 250 g/l; and   an ammonium fluoride of 0.5 to 10 g/l.   
     
     
         21 . The electrolyte according to  claim 20 , wherein the ammonium sulfate is in a range of 120 g/l to 140 g/l and the ammonium fluoride is in a range of 4 g/l to 6 g/l.