Imaging optical system, microscope apparatus including the imaging optical system, and stereoscopic microscope apparatus

Abstract

A variable power optical system used in a parallel stereoscopic microscope apparatus includes a plurality of optical paths in which optical axes are arranged substantially parallel, a plurality of lens groups that change the magnification of a diameter of a luminous flux entering substantially parallel to each of the optical paths to eject the luminous flux as substantially parallel luminous fluxes, and at least two lens groups move along the optical axis in each optical path according to the change in the magnification. At least two lens groups of at least one optical path among the plurality of optical paths move in a direction including a component perpendicular to the optical axis according to the change in the magnification at at least part of a section where the magnification is changed from a high-power end state to a low-power end.

1 - 24 . (canceled) 
     
     
         25 . An imaging optical system that forms an image through an objective lens and an observation optical system and that is configured to be able to change the magnification of the image, wherein
 the observation optical system comprises a plurality of lens groups, and each of at least two lens groups among the plurality of lens groups moves in a direction including a component perpendicular to a reference optical axis of the observation optical system at at least part of a section where the magnification is changed from a high-power end state to a low-power end state,   when an amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the reference optical axis of the observation optical system, in which a direction from the reference optical axis of the observation optical system to an optical axis of the objective lens is defined as negative, in a plane including the optical axis of the objective lens and the reference optical axis of the observation optical system is expressed as a function of a position, which is on the reference optical axis of the observation optical system of the lens group arranged closest to the objective lens among the lens groups moved during the change in the magnification and in which a direction for moving from the low-power end state to the high-power end side is defined as positive, at least one lens group arranged closest to the objective lens among the at least two lens groups moves so that a first derivative of the function is 0 or more and a second derivative of the function is 0 or less at at least part of the section for changing the magnification when the magnification is changed from the low-power end state to the high-power end state.   
     
     
         26 . The imaging optical system according to  claim 25 , wherein
 an incident position of a principal ray with a largest angle relative to the reference optical axis of the observation optical system among the principal rays entering the observation optical system in a tangent plane of a plane of the observation optical system closest to the object is changed so that the position approaches the reference optical axis side of the observation optical system at least up to a predetermined focal length state when the magnification is changed from the low-power end state to the high-power end state.   
     
     
         27 . The imaging optical system according to  claim 25 , wherein
 the observation optical system comprises a plurality of optical paths and ejects light from the objective lens from each of the plurality of optical paths, and each of the optical paths comprises the plurality of lens groups,   at least one of the lens groups that move in the direction including the component perpendicular to the reference optical axis of the observation optical system is a first correction lens group that moves to reduce a distance between the optical axes of the lens groups in the plurality of optical paths when the magnification is changed from the high-power end state to the low-power end state, and   remaining lens groups of the lens groups that move in the direction including the component perpendicular to the reference optical axis of the observation optical system are second correction lens groups that correct the optical paths changed by the first correction lens group to eject the light so that the image is formed at an image forming position where the image would be formed when the plurality of lens groups are arranged so that optical axes of the plurality of lens groups match.   
     
     
         28 . The imaging optical system according to  claim 25 , wherein
 the observation optical system comprises an afocal variable power optical system, and the afocal variable power optical system comprises the at least two lens groups.   
     
     
         29 . The imaging optical system according to  claim 25 , wherein
 the optical axes of the plurality of lens groups substantially coincide in the high-power end state.   
     
     
         30 . The imaging optical system according to  claim 25 , wherein
 the plurality of lens groups comprise: a first lens group arranged closest to the object and fixed during the change in the magnification; and   a second lens group that is arranged on the image side of the first lens group and that is one of the lens groups that move in the direction including the component perpendicular to the reference optical axis of the observation optical system, and   the optical axis of the second lens group is decentered relative to the optical axis of the first lens group in the low-power end state.   
     
     
         31 . The imaging optical system according to  claim 25 , wherein
 the plurality of optical paths of the observation optical system comprises two optical paths for right eye and left eye.   
     
     
         32 . A microscope apparatus comprising
 the imaging optical system according to  claim 25 .   
     
     
         33 . A stereoscopic microscope apparatus comprising:
 an objective lens;   a plurality of afocal variable power optical systems that each eject a parallel light ejected substantially parallel to an optical axis of the objective lens from the objective lens to be a plurality of parallel lights; and   a plurality of imaging lenses that collect the parallel lights ejected from the plurality of afocal variable power optical systems, wherein   at least one of the plurality of afocal variable power optical systems comprises at least two lens groups that move in a direction including a component perpendicular to a reference optical axis of the afocal variable power optical systems at at least part of a section where the magnification is changed from a low-power end state to a high-power end state,   when an amount of movement in a direction perpendicular to the reference optical axis of the afocal variable power optical systems, in which a direction from the reference optical axis of the afocal variable power optical systems to an optical axis of the objective lens is defined as negative, in a plane including the optical axis of the objective lens and the reference optical axis of the afocal variable power optical systems is expressed as a function of a position, which is on the reference optical axis of the afocal variable power optical systems of the lens group arranged closest to the objective lens among the lens groups moved during the change in the magnification and in which a direction for moving from the low-power end state to the high-power end side is defined as positive, at least one lens group arranged closest to the objective lens among the at least two lens groups moves so that a first derivative of the function is 0 or more and a second derivative of the function is 0 or less at at least part of the section for changing the magnification when the magnification is changed from the low-power end state to the high-power end state.   
     
     
         34 - 56 . (canceled)