Processes and apparatuses for treating and/or increasing dryness of a substance

Abstract

There are provided apparatuses for increasing dryness of a substance. The apparatuses comprise at least one module, each of the module(s) comprising at least two electrodes adapted to submit the substance to an electric current. The electrodes are also adapted to compress the substance. There are also provided processes for increasing dryness of a substance.

1 . (canceled) 
     
     
         2 . An apparatus for increasing dryness of a substance, said apparatus comprising a feeding system adapted to allow a uniform spreading of the substance at a defined thickness, at least one module, each of said module(s) comprising at least two electrodes adapted to submit said substance to an electric current, a conveyor for imparting a movement in a predetermined direction to said substance; wherein one of said electrodes is part of or in contact with said conveyor, and another of said electrodes is adapted to move in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to said predetermined direction and to compress said substance. 
     
     
         3 - 5 . (canceled) 
     
     
         6 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein at least one of said electrodes is adapted to provide an electrolyte to said substance for reducing and/or preventing voltage loss at said electrode. 
     
     
         7 - 9 . (canceled) 
     
     
         10 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein one of said electrodes is adapted for dispensing an electrolyte at an electrode-substance interface. 
     
     
         11 - 14 . (canceled) 
     
     
         15 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , further comprising at least one pneumatic actuator, at least one mechanical system, at least one piston, or at least one electrical system for moving said other electrode. 
     
     
         16 - 22 . (canceled) 
     
     
         23 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein voltage, electrical current, and pressure are independently controlled for each module. 
     
     
         24 - 27 . (canceled) 
     
     
         28 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein said apparatus comprises at least two modules disposed in series, said apparatus comprising, between adjacent modules, a transfer system, which comprises a shredding system, said system permitting to transfer shredded and treated substance between said modules. 
     
     
         29 - 35 . (canceled) 
     
     
         36 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein the pressure applied to said substance varies according to the substance consistency. 
     
     
         37 - 40 . (canceled) 
     
     
         41 . The apparatus of  claim 6 , wherein said apparatus further comprises a filter mounted on said anode and adapted to be disposed between the anode and a substance to be treated with said apparatus. 
     
     
         42 . (canceled) 
     
     
         43 . A sludge decontamination apparatus for decontaminating sludge, said apparatus comprising a feeding system adapted to allow a uniform spreading of the sludge at a defined thickness, at least one module, each of said module(s) comprising at least two electrodes adapted to submit said sludge to an electric current, a conveyor for imparting a movement in a predetermined direction to said sludge; wherein one of said electrodes is part of or in contact with said conveyor, and another of said electrodes is adapted to move in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to said predetermined direction and to compress said sludge. 
     
     
         44 - 45 . (canceled) 
     
     
         46 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein said other electrode is an anode. 
     
     
         47 - 141 . (canceled) 
     
     
         142 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein said apparatus comprises at least one module, and wherein said electrodes adapted to compress said substance are anodes which are disposed into an anode-panel so as to extend into rows transversally and into lines longitudinally. 
     
     
         143 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein each of said electrodes adapted to compress said substance is an anode and is disposed into an anode-unit, said anode-unit comprises a mobile lower portion and an upper portion which is adapted to be immovable with respect to said apparatus when said lower portion is in movement; wherein said upper portion comprises means, which allow fixation on a supporting structure, and said lower portion comprises said anode, said anode-unit comprises means for moving said anode. 
     
     
         144 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein said apparatus comprises a control system for preventing electrical short circuit. 
     
     
         145 . The apparatus of  claim 46 , wherein said anode is adapted to maintain a substantially constant contact with said substance during a treatment of the substance. 
     
     
         146 . The apparatus of  claim 46 , wherein said anode is a perforated anode. 
     
     
         147 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein said at least one electrode comprises a valve metal substrate coated with a metal oxide chosen from Ti02,Ta205, Ta02, Ru02, Ir02, Sn02, Sb203, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         148 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein said feeding system comprises:
 a housing comprising an inlet and an outlet; and   a roller disposed in said housing and adjacently to said outlet, said roller being adapted to compress and move said substance substantially vertically towards said outlet, wherein said thickness is regulated by adjusting a vertical distance between said conveyor and said roller.   
     
     
         149 . The apparatus of  claim 148 , further comprising a second roller in said housing and adjacent said roller wherein said rollers are substantially horizontally extending and are rotated around a substantially horizontal rotation axis, the rotation axis of said roller is lower than the rotation axis of said second roller, said rollers being adapted to receive therebetween the substance to be dispensed. 
     
     
         150 . The apparatus of  claim 2 , wherein at least one of said electrodes is comprised within at least one independent electrode-unit, when more than one electrode-units being present, said electrode-units being isolated from one another. 
     
     
         151 . An apparatus for electro-dewatering sludge comprising:
 a feeding system for spreading sludge at a uniform thickness;   a conveyor for receiving the sludge from the feeding system and for advancing the sludge along the apparatus from an inlet to an outlet;   a cathode downstream from the feeding system located under the conveyor and in contact with the conveyor;   an anode located above the conveyor and the cathode, the anode being configured to establish direct contact with the sludge and for compression of the sludge while an electrical charge flows between the anode and the cathode;   wherein the anode is configured to move in a direction that is perpendicular to a direction of movement of the conveyor and to alternate between applying the compression and the electrical charge to the sludge, and removing the compression and the electrical charge from the sludge.