Fuel additive composition to improve fuel lubricity

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions comprising one or more hydrogen bonding compounds derived from a long chain fatty acid, and one or more esters of a second long chain fatty acid. Such fuel additives improve the lubricity of the fuel.

We claim: 
     
         1 . A fuel additive composition comprising one or more hydrogen bonding compounds derived from a first long chain fatty acid, selected from a fatty acid alcohol, amine, amide, imide or Diels-Alder adduct and one or more esters of a second long chain fatty acid, wherein the hydrogen bonding compounds and the esters are soluble in petroleum distillate fuels and the first and second long chain fatty acids are the same or different. 
     
     
         2 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the first long chain fatty acid is from a vegetable oil or animal fat. 
     
     
         3 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the one or more hydrogen bonding compounds are amine derivatives of the first long chain fatty acid. 
     
     
         4 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the one or more hydrogen bonding compounds are amide derivatives of the first long chain fatty acid. 
     
     
         5 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the imide is produced by the Diels-Alder reaction of a maleimide derivative and the conjugated diene. 
     
     
         6 . The composition according to  claim 5 , wherein the maleimide derivative is an N—C 1-6 alkyl derivative. 
     
     
         7 . The composition according to  claim 6 , wherein the maleimide derivative is an N-aryl derivative. 
     
     
         8 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the one or more hydrogen bonding compounds are esters of a long chain conjugated fatty acid and a polyol. 
     
     
         9 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the one or more hydrogen bonding compounds are selected from compounds of Formula I: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R 1  is selected from C 6-24 alkyl, C 6-24 alkenyl and C 6-24 -alkynyl, all of which are unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halo, halo-substituted C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl and halo-substituted aryl, or 
         R 1  is interrupted by one or two cyclohexyl or cyclohexenyl groups both of which are unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halo, halo-substituted C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl and halo-substituted aryl or the one or two cyclohexyl or cycloyhexenyl groups are part of a bi- or tricyclic fused ring system which optionally contains an N atom in place of one to three carbon atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halo, halo-substituted C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl and halo-substituted aryl; 
         R 2  is selected from OC 1-6 alkyl, O—C 1-6 alkenyl, NHC 1-6 alkyl, NH—C 1-6 alkenyl, NH-hydroxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl, OCH 2 CHOHCH 2 OH, O(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 OH; and 
         n is an integer from 0 to 5, 
         provided that at least one of R 1  and R 2  contains a hydrogen atom that is free to participate in a hydrogen bond. 
       
     
     
         10 . The composition according to  claim 9 , wherein the one or more compounds of Formula I are selected from: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         11 . The composition according to  claim 1 , wherein the second long chain fatty acid is from a vegetable oil or animal fat. 
     
     
         12 . The composition according to  claim 11 , wherein the one or more esters of a second long chain fatty acid are C 1-6 alkyl esters of the second long chain fatty acid. 
     
     
         13 . The composition according to  claim 11 , wherein the esters of a second long chain fatty acid are aryl esters of the second long chain fatty acid. 
     
     
         14 . The composition according to  claim 11 , wherein the esters of a second long chain fatty acid are cellosolve esters of the second long chain fatty acid. 
     
     
         15 . The composition according to  claim 11 , wherein the esters of a second long chain fatty acid are carboxylic acid esters of a propylene ether and the second long chain fatty acid. 
     
     
         16 . The composition according to  claim 11 , wherein the one or more esters of a second long chain fatty acid are selected from compounds of Formula II: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         R 3  is selected from C 6-24 alkyl, C 6-24 alkenyl and C 6-24 -alkynyl, all of which are unsubstituted or substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halo, halo-substituted C 1-4 alkyl, aryl, alkyl-substituted aryl and halo-substituted aryl; and 
         R 4  is selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkenyl, halo-substituted C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C 1-6 alkyl, aryl, hydroxy-substituted aryl, alkoxy-substituted aryl, halo-substituted aryl and polyethers. 
       
     
     
         17 . The composition according to  claim 16  wherein the compound of Formula II is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         18 . A petroleum distillate fuel comprising the additive according to  claim 1 . 
     
     
         19 . The fuel according to  claim 18 , wherein petroleum distillate fuel is selected from gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, biodiesel fuel, propane and ethanol containing fuel for gasoline engines. 
     
     
         20 . A method for increasing the lubricity of a petroleum distillate fuel comprising adding a lubricating-effective amount of an additive composition according to  claim 1  to said fuel.