Covalent modification of metal surfaces

Abstract

The present invention provides modified metal surfaces, methods of preparing the same, and intermediates thereto. These materials are useful in a variety of applications including biomaterials.

1 - 23 . (canceled) 
     
     
         24 . An implantable device with a covalently modified surface prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
 (a) modifying a metal substrate to incorporate thereon a plurality of hydroxyl groups;   (b) providing a compound of formula I:
   R 1 —W  I
 
   wherein:   R 1  is synthetic polymer group selected from poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a heterobifunctional PEG, or a branched PEG;   W is —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)X, —P(═O)(OH) 2 , —P(═O)(X) 2 , —P(═O)(R a )OH, —P(═O)(R a )X, —O—S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 OH, —Si(R a ) 2 OH, —Si(OR a ) 2 OH, —Si(R a ) 2 X, —Si(R a )(OH) 2 , —Si(R a )X 2 , —Si(OR a ) 2 X, C(═O)H, —N═C═S, —N═C═O, phenol, thiophenol, or an epoxide;   each X is independently Cl, Br, or I; and   each R a  is hydrogen, an alkyl group, or an aryl group;   and   (c) coupling the compound of formula I to one or more of the hydroxyl groups on the metal surface.   
     
     
         25 . An implantable device of claim  23  wherein said device is a stent.