Yield enhancement in plants by modulation of ap2 transcription factor

Abstract

Compositions and methods for modulating flower organ development, leaf formation, phototropism, apical dominance, fruit development, initiation of roots and for increasing yield in a plant are provided. The compositions include an AP2 transcription factor sequence. Compositions of the invention comprise amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences selected from SEQ ID NOS: 1-11 as well as variants and fragments thereof. Nucleotide sequences encoding the AP2 transcription factors are provided in DNA constructs for expression in a plant of interest are provided for modulating the level of an AP2 transcription factor sequence in a plant or a plant part are provided. The methods comprise introducing into a plant or plant part a heterologous polynucleotide comprising an AP2 transcription factor sequence of the invention. The level of the AP2 transcription factor polypeptide can be increased or decreased. Such method can be used to increase the yield in plants; in one embodiment, the method is used to increase grain yield in cereals.

That which is claimed: 
     
         1 . An isolated polynucleotide having AP2 transcription factor activity and comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1;   (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2;   (c) a nucleotide sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein said nucleotide sequence encodes a polypeptide having AP2 transcription factor protein activity;   (d) a nucleotide sequence comprising at least 99 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 3 or a complement thereof; and,   (e) a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein said nucleotide sequence encodes a polypeptide having AP2 transcription factor protein activity.,   (f) a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:5.   
     
     
         2 . An expression cassette comprising the polynucleotide of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         3 . The expression cassette of  claim 2 , wherein said polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter that drives expression in a plant. 
     
     
         4 . The expression cassette of  claim 3 , wherein said polynucleotide is operably linked to a constitutive promoter. 
     
     
         5 . A transgenic plant comprising the expression cassette of  claim 3  or  claim 4 . 
     
     
         6 . The transgenic plant of  claim 5 , wherein said plant is maize, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum, rye, soybean, brassica, or sunflower. 
     
     
         7 . A plant that is genetically modified at a native genomic locus, said genomic locus comprising a polynucleotide of  claim 1 , wherein the AP2 transcription activity of said plant is modulated. 
     
     
         8 . A transgenic plant comprising a polynucleotide operably linked to a promoter that drives expression in the plant, wherein said polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence of  claim 1 , and wherein the AP2 transcription factor level in said plant is modulated relative to a control plant. 
     
     
         9 . The plant of  claim 5 , wherein said plant has an increased level of a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2;   (b) a polypeptide having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2, wherein said polypeptide has AP2 transcription factor protein activity; and   (c) a polypeptide comprising an AP2 transcription factor domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5.   
     
     
         10 . The plant of  claim 5 , wherein said plant has a phenotype selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) an increased total seed number;   (b) an increased total seed weight;   (c) an increased harvest index; and   (d) an increased biomass.   
     
     
         11 . A method of increasing the level of a polypeptide in a plant comprising introducing into said plant the expression cassette of  claim 3  or  claim 4 . 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the yield of the plant is increased. 
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein increasing the level of said polypeptide produces a phenotype in the plant selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) an increased total seed number;   (b) an increased total seed weight;   (c) an increased harvest index; and   (d) an increased biomass.   
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 12 , wherein said expression cassette is stably integrated into the genome of the plant. 
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 14 , wherein said plant is maize, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum, rye, soybean, brassica or sunflower. 
     
     
         16 . A method of increasing yield in a plant comprising increasing expression of an AP2 transcription factor polypeptide in said plant, wherein said AP2 transcription factor polypeptide has AP2 transcription factor protein activity and is selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2;   (b) a polypeptide comprising an AP2 transcription factor domain set forth in SEQ ID NO:5; and,   (c) a polypeptide comprising an AP2 transcription factor domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 and a polyserine or polyglycine domain set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6-11.   
     
     
         17 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein said polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity with the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     
     
         18 . The method of  claim 16 , wherein said polypeptide comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5. 
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 16 , comprising introducing into said plant an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide encoding said AP2 transcription factor polypeptide operably linked to a promoter that drives expression in a plant cell, wherein said polynucleotide comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1;   (b) a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2;   (c) a nucleotide sequence comprising at least 95% sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1;   (d) a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5; and,   (e) a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence having at least 90% sequence identity to the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or 5.   
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 19 , comprising:
 (a) transforming a plant cell with said expression cassette; and   (b) regenerating a transformed plant from the transformed plant cell of step (a).   
     
     
         21 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein said expression cassette is stably incorporated into the sequence of the plant. 
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 19 , wherein said promoter is a constitutive promoter. 
     
     
         23 . An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of:
 (a) the amino acid sequence comprising SEQ ID NO: 2, 4 or 5;   (b) the amino acid sequence comprising at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 2, 4 or 5, wherein said polypeptide has the ability to modulate transcription; and,   (c) the amino acid sequence comprising at least 33 consecutive amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 2, 4 or 5, wherein said polypeptide retains the ability to modulate transcription.