Apparatus and process for thermal decomposition of any kind of organic material

Abstract

A low temperature conversion apparatus comprising tri-tubes that simultaneously carry out the functions of vessel and heat exchanger is provided. The apparatus is capable of thermally decomposing any kind of organic material to obtain coal, oil, water and no-condensable gasses, and also of decontaminating soils and residues contaminated with organochlorides and dioxins. The apparatus specifically comprises an outer box with a hermetic lid; a thermal insulation layer; and a structure with three concentric tubes disposed internally, positioned substantially vertically and with a wall width suitable for heating by means of gases from an inner side and outer side of the structure. A process for thermal decomposition is also provided using the apparatus.

1 - 25 . (canceled) 
     
     
         26 . Process for thermal decomposition of any organic material, said process using the apparatus as defined in  claim 26  to perform the steps of:
 feeding organic material into the apparatus;; 
 heating with gases inside and outside of an annular region located in the concentric tubes inside the apparatus; 
 processing with extraction and condensation of oil; 
 cooling the material with air cooling gases with indirect heat transfer; and 
 tilting of the apparatus. 
 
     
     
         27 . Process according to  claim 26 , further comprising the step of:
 introducing hot heating gas simultaneously by the outer wall of the structure with three concentric tubes by the region between an inner tube and an intermediary tube of the structure and leaving said gas by the smallest inner tube called bayonet, in order to maintain a temperature difference between the inflow and outflows of hot heating gasses in a process regime of 15° C.   
     
     
         48 . Process according to claim  46 , wherein the heating for conversion of the reaction material is carried out for three hours. 
     
     
         29 . Process according to  claim 26 , wherein the heating for conversion of the reaction material is carried out for 165 minutes. 
     
     
         30 . Process according to  claim 26 , wherein the heating is carried out outside the outer tube and inside the intermediary tube and inner tube. 
     
     
         31 . Process according to  claim 26 , wherein the unloading of the reaction material is carried out for two hours. 
     
     
         32 . Process according to  claim 26 , wherein N2 is inserted inside the apparatus to expel the oxygen. 
     
     
         33 . Process according to  claim 26 , wherein the heating is carried out by way of feeding the hot gas simultaneously to all the tubes. 
     
     
         34 . Process according to  claim 26 , further comprising the steps of:
 extraction and condensation of vapors and non-condensable gases generated in the conversion.