Ionic Viscoelastics and Viscoelastic Salts

Abstract

One embodiment of the present invention relates to ionic liquids and ionic viscoelastics formed between [1] a small molecule or macromolecule containing two or more cations; and [2] a small molecule or macromolecule containing two or more anions. Another embodiment of the invention is the use of the inventive ionic liquids and ionic viscoelastics, formed between a small molecule or macromolecule containing two or more cations and a small molecule or macromolecule containing two or more anions, to form a crosslinked network. In certain embodiments, the ionic liquids formed can be viscous liquids, viscous liquid formed networks, or viscoelastic networks/gels. In certain embodiments, the ionic material of the invention may be used for a variety of applications including, but not limited to, lubricants, additives, gas separation, liquid separation, membranes, fuel cells, sensors, batteries, coatings, heat storage, liquid crystals, biocompatible fluids, solvents, and electronic materials.

1 - 25 . (canceled) 
     
     
         26 . A salt comprising an anionic component and a cationic component, wherein:
 said anionic component is X—[Y] 2 , X—[Y] 3 , or X—[Y] 4 ;   X is selected from the group consisting of linear or branched alkanes, linear or branched alkenes, linear or branched alkynes, monocyclic or polycyclic aromatics, monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaromatics, linear or branched polysilanes, linear or branched polyethylene glycols, linear or branched poly(propylene glycol), linear or branched polyalkylene oxides, linear or branched polysiloxanes, linear or branched polyacrylates, linear or branched polyacetals, linear or branched acrylics, linear or branched cellulosics, linear or branched polyethers, linear or branched halogenated polyethers, linear or branched halocarbons, linear or branched polyamides, linear or branched polycarbonates, linear or branched polyethylenes, linear or branched polypropylenes, linear or branched polystyrenes, and linear or branched polyurethanes, or a combination thereof;   Y is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, bis-trifluoromethane-sulfonimides, borates, phosphates, nitrates, sulfates, triflates, antimonates, phosphoniums, carboranes, poly-oxo metallates, and metalloboranes;   said cationic component is W—[Z] 2 , W—[Z] 3 , or W—[Z] 4 ;   W is absent, or selected from the group consisting of linear or branched alkanes, linear or branched alkenes, linear or branched alkynes, monocyclic or polycyclic aromatics, monocyclic or polycyclic heteroaromatics, linear or branched polysilanes, linear or branched polyethylene glycols, linear or branched poly(propylene glycol), linear or branched polyalkylene oxides, linear or branched polysiloxanes, linear or branched polyacrylates, linear or branched polyacetals, linear or branched acrylics, linear or branched cellulosics, linear or branched polyethers, linear or branched halogenated polyethers, linear or branched halocarbons, linear or branched polyamides, linear or branched polycarbonates, linear or branched polyethylenes, linear or branched polypropylenes, linear or branched polystyrenes, and linear or branched polyurethanes, or a combination thereof;   Z is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, azide, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaryloxy, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, heteroarylamino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino, amido, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphonium, carbonyl, carboxyl, silyl, alkylthio, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, ketone, aldehyde, ester, heterocyclyl, trifluoromethyl, cyano,   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         provided that at least one Z is selected from the group consisting of 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         R is a bond to W or is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, azide, alkyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaryloxy, amino, alkylamino, arylamino, heteroarylamino, nitro, sulfhydryl, imino, amido, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphonium, carbonyl, carboxyl, silyl, alkylthio, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, ketone, aldehyde, ester, heterocyclyl, trifluoromethyl, and cyano; and 
         provided that for every Z exactly one R is a bond to W. 
       
     
     
         27 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein Y is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of —[CO 2 ] −1 , —[SO 3 ] −1 , —[SO 4 ] −2 , —[SbF 5 ] −1 , —[N(CN)] −1 , —[CF 2 S(O) 2 NS(O) 2 CF 3 ] −1 , —[PF 5 ] −1 , —[B(CN) 3 ] −1 , and —[BF 3 ] −1 . 
     
     
         28 . (canceled) 
     
     
         29 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein X is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of linear or branched alkanes, linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol), linear or branched poly(propylene glycol), linear or branched polyethers, linear or branched polyacrylic acids, linear or branched polyamines, polyether polyamines, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         30 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein W is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of linear or branched alkanes, linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol), linear or branched poly(propylene glycol), linear or branched polyethers, linear or branched polyacrylic acids, linear or branched polyamides, polyether polyamines, or a combination thereof. 
     
     
         31 - 32 . (canceled) 
     
     
         33 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein Z is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         34 . (canceled) 
     
     
         35 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein Z is —N(R) 3  or —P(R) 3 . 
     
     
         36 - 38 . (canceled) 
     
     
         39 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein at least one Z is 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         40 - 51 . (canceled) 
     
     
         52 . The salt of  claim 26 , wherein R is a bond to W or is selected, independently for each occurrence, from the group consisting of hydrogen or alkyl. 
     
     
         53 - 150 . (canceled)