Fuel and combustible mixture used as a substitute for fossil fuels in thermoelectric power plants, industrial and central heating furnaces

Abstract

Present Invention discloses new combustible mixture and fuel, which during burning releases energy 15 times greater than that of lignite and 4-5 times than that of coke. The combustible mixture consists of the liquid and solid phases, where the solid phase comprises: aluminium powder; at least one M 1 X 2 , where M 1 can be any metal in oxidation state +2, and X can be any halogen; M 2 CO 3 , where M 2 can be any two-valent metal; zinc ammonia chloride, SiO 2 in the form of quartz sand; and quick lime; whereas the liquid matter comprises: at least one C 1 to C 6 carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of the mentioned carboxylic acids, or at least one its ester or amide; methylcellulose; and formaldehyde, or its commercially accessible solution—formalin; and water. Fuel is made when the combustible mixture is hermetically closed in a container. The Invention also presents both the energy production method and the use of the invented fuel

1 - 30 . (canceled) 
     
     
         31 . The combustible mixture, consisting of the solid and liquid phases, characterized in that the solid phase comprises:
 aluminium powder;   at least one M 1 X 2 , where M 1  can be any metal in oxidation state +2, and X any halogen;   M 2 CO 3 , where M 2  can be any metal in oxidation state +2;   zinc ammonia chloride;   SiO 2 ; and   quick lime;   and the liquid phase comprises:   at least one C 1  to C 6  carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of the said carboxylic acids, or at least one its ester or amid;   methylcellulose; and   formaldehyde, i.e. its commercially available solution—formalin;   and water, where the share of solid phase in the mixture varies between 32% w/w and 46% w/w, and that of the liquid phase between 54% w/w and 68% w/w,   whereas the solid phase components are present in the following weight percentages:   
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   aluminium powder 
                    3% to 10% 
                 
                     
                   M 1 X 2   
                   1% to 4% 
                 
                     
                   M 2 CO 3   
                   1% to 3% 
                 
                     
                   zinc ammonia chloride 
                   2% to 5% 
                 
                     
                   SiO 2   
                   3% to 8% 
                 
                     
                   quick lime 
                    70% to 90%, 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
         and the liquid phase components are present in the following weight percentages: 
         at least one carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of carboxylic acid, or at least one its ester or amid 10% to 27%; 
         methylcellulose 20%-40%; 
         formaldehyde, 1% to 10%; 
         and the rest up to 100% is water. 
       
     
     
         32 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 31 , characterized in that the share of the solid phase in the mixture varies between 36% w/w and 42% w/w, and that of the liquid phase between 58% w/w and 64% w/w. 
     
     
         33 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 31 , characterized in that the share of the solid phase in the mixture is 39% w/w, and that of the liquid phase 61% w/w. 
     
     
         34 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 31 , characterized in that the solid phase components are present in the following weight percentages: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   aluminium powder 
                   5% to 8% 
                 
                     
                   M 1 X 2   
                   2% to 4% 
                 
                     
                   M 2 CO 3   
                   1% to 2% 
                 
                     
                   zinc ammonia chloride 
                   3% to 5% 
                 
                     
                   SiO 2   
                   4% to 7% 
                 
                     
                   quick lime 
                    74% to 85%. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         35 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 34 , characterized in that the solid phase components are present in the following weight percentages: 
       
         
           
                 
                 
                 
               
                     
                     
                 
                     
                   aluminium powder 
                     7% 
                 
                     
                   M 1 X 2   
                     3% 
                 
                     
                   M 2 CO 3   
                   1.5% 
                 
                     
                   zinc ammonia chloride  
                   3.5% 
                 
                     
                   SiO 2   
                     6% 
                 
                     
                   quick lime 
                     79%. 
                 
                     
                     
                 
             
                
               
               
                
                
                
                
                
                
                
               
            
           
         
       
     
     
         36 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 31 , characterized in that the liquid phase components are present in the following weight percentages:
 at least one carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of carboxylic acid, or at least one its ester or amid 15% to 22%;   methylcellulose 25%-35%; and   formaldehyde, 3% to 7%;   and the rest up to 100% is water.   
     
     
         37 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 36 , characterized in that the liquid phase components are present in the following weight percentages:
 at least one carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of carboxylic acid, or at least one its ester or amid 17%;   methylcellulose 29%; and   formaldehyde;   and the rest up to 100% is water.   
     
     
         38 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 31 , characterized in that M 1  and M 2  are selected from a group consisting of Fe, Cu, Zn; that and at least one carboxylic acid, or at least one of its derivatives is selected from a group made up of C 1 -C 3  carboxylic acids, or its derivatives; and that methylcellulose is selected from a group made up of gelatine and tylosis. 
     
     
         39 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 38 , characterized in that M 1  and M 2  are Zn; that methylcellulose is tylosis. 
     
     
         40 . The combustible mixture according to  claims 31 , characterized in that in the liquid phase two carboxylic acids are present: C 1  carboxylic acid and C 2  carboxylic acid. 
     
     
         41 . The combustible mixture according to  claims 31 , characterized in that in the solid phase M 1 X 2  consists of a mixture ZnCl 2  and ZnBr 2 . 
     
     
         42 . The combustible mixture according to  claim 31  characterized in that it additionally contains coke and ethanol as additives. 
     
     
         43 . The fuel, characterized in that it contains the combustible mixture according  claim 31  is hermetically closed in the container. 
     
     
         44 . The fuel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that the hermetically closed container is made of polymer material. 
     
     
         45 . The fuel according to  claim 44 , characterized in that the hermetically closed container is made of polyvinyl chloride. 
     
     
         46 . The fuel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that the hermetically closed container contains a partition separating the liquid phase from the solid phase and that the partition in contact with the acids from the liquid phase slowly disintegrates and allows gradual mixing of the liquid and solid phases, and thereby gradual hydrogen generation inside the container. 
     
     
         47 . The fuel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that the hermetically closed container is lined on the inside with an insulator. 
     
     
         48 . The fuel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that the heat insulator is a tar-based glue. 
     
     
         49 . The fuel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that one third of the hermetically closed container is filled with liquid and solid phases, whereas the rest of two thirds serves to receive the generated hydrogen. 
     
     
         50 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that fuel according to  claim 43  is brought into the thermoelectric power plants furnace. 
     
     
         51 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that the fuel according to  claim 43  replaces up to 50% of required coal. 
     
     
         52 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that the fuel according to  claim 43  replaces up to 60% of required coal. 
     
     
         53 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that the fuel according to  claim 43  replaces up to 70% of required coal. 
     
     
         54 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that the fuel according to  claim 43  replaces the entire required coal. 
     
     
         55 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that 1 kg of fuel according to  claim 43  replaces 15 kg of lignite, or 4-5 kg of coke. 
     
     
         56 . The energy production method in thermoelectric power plants, characterized in that in the use of fuel according to  claim 43  CO 2  emission is reduced up to 75%. 
     
     
         57 . The use of fuel according to  claim 43 , characterized in that the said fuel is used as substitute fuel for coal in thermoelectric power plants. 
     
     
         58 . The use of fuel according to  claim 57 , characterized in that the property of the said fuel is to bind harmful flue gases developed as a result of incomplete coal burning in the thermoelectric power plants. 
     
     
         59 . The use of fuel according to  claim 58 , characterized in that the said mixture binds CO 2 . 
     
     
         60 . The use of fuel according to any of the  claim 43  characterized in that the said fuel is used for energy production in industrial furnaces and in central heating furnaces.