Novel hiv reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Abstract

The invention is related to compounds of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, ester, and/or phosphonate thereof, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds.

1 . A compound of Formula (I) 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or ester thereof, wherein: 
         X and Y are independently O or S; 
         A is a covalent bond, —O—, —S—, —NR 5 —, or —C(R 6 ) 2 —; 
         D is a covalent bond, alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene; 
         R 1  is H, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with CH 2 —C(O)—OH, —CH 2 —C(O)—NH(p-methoxybenzyl) or —CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 , heterocyclyl, OH, alkoxy, —O-acyl, thioalky, silyloxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, CN, —C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —O—C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —N(R 7 )—C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —C(O)—Oalkyl, —C(O)—OH, —O—C(O)—Oalkyl, —N(R 7 )—C(O)—Oalkyl, silyloxy, —O-alkylene-OH, —O-alkylene-O-acyl, or —S(O) 2 —N(R 7 ) 2 ; or cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl substituted with —X, —R, —O − , ═O, —OR, —SR, —S − , —NR 2 , —N + R 3 , ═NR, —CX 3 , —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —N═C═O, —NCS, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 R, —OS(═O) 2 OR, —S(═O) 2 NR, —S(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(O − ) 2 , —N(═O)(OH) 2 , —N(O)(OR)(O − ), —C(═O)R, alkylene-C(═O)R, —C(═O)X, alkylene-C(═O)X, —C(S)R, —C(O)OR, alkylene-C(O)OR, —C(O)O − , alkylene-C(O)O − , —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, —C(S)SR, —C(O)NRR, alkylene-C(O)NRR, —C(S)NRR, or —C(═NR)NRR, wherein each X is independently a halogen, and each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, carbocyclyl, or a protecting group or prodrug moiety; 
         R 2  is halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, —N(R 7 ) 2 , alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl; or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl substituted with —X, —R, ═O − , —OR, —SR, —S − , —NR 2 , —N + R 3 , ═NR, —CX 3 , —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —N═C═O, —NCS, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 R, —OS(═O) 2 OR, —S(═O) 2 NR, —S(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(O − ) 2 , N(═O)(OH) 2 , —N(O)(OR)(O − ), —C(═O)R, alkylene-C(═O)R, —C(═O)X, alkylene-C(═O)X, —C(S)R, —C(O)OR, alkylene-C(O)OR, —C(O)O − , alkylene-C(O)O − , —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, —C(S)SR, —C(O)NRR, alkylene-C(O)NRR, —C(S)NRR, or —C(═NR)NRR, wherein each X is independently a halogen, and each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, a carbocyclyl, or a protecting group or prodrug moiety; 
         R 3  is aryl or heteroaryl; 
         R 4  is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or arylalkyl; or alkyl, cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl substituted with —X, —R, ═O − , —OR, —SR, —S − , —NR 2 , —N + R 3 , ═NR, —CX 3 , —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —N═C═O, —NCS, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 R, —OS(═O) 2 OR, —S(═O) 2 NR, —S(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(O − ) 2 , —N(═O)(OH) 2 , —N(O)(OR)(O − ), —C(═O)R, alkylene-C(═O)R, —C(═O)X, alkylene-C(═O)X, —C(S)R, —C(O)OR, alkylene-C(O)OR, —C(O)O − , alkylene-C(O)O − , —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, —C(S)SR, —C(O)NRR, alkylene-C(O)NRR, —C(S)NRR, or —C(═NR)NRR, wherein each X is independently a halogen, and each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, a carbocyclyl, or a protecting group or prodrug moiety; 
         R 5  is H, alkyl, arylalkyl, —OH, or acyl; or alkyl, arylalkyl or acyl substituted with —X, —R, —O − , ═O, —OR, —SR, —S − , —NR 2 , —N + R 3 , ═NR, —CX 3 , —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —N═C═O, —NCS, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 R, —OS(═O) 2 OR, —S(═O) 2 NR, —S(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(O − ) 2 , —N(═O)(OH) 2 , —N(O)(OR)(O − ), —C(═O)R, alkylene-C(═O)R, —C(═O)X, alkylene-C(═O)X, —C(S)R, —C(O)OR, alkylene-C(O)OR, —C(O)O − , alkylene-C(O)O − , —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, —C(S)SR, —C(O)NRR, alkylene-C(O)NRR, —C(S)NRR, or —C(═NR)NRR, wherein each X is independently a halogen, and each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, a carbocyclyl, or a protecting group or prodrug moiety;
 each R 6  is independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with —X, —R, —O − , ═O, —OR, —SR, —S − , —NR 2 , —N + R 3 , ═NR, —CX 3 , —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —N═C═O, —NCS, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 R, —OS(═O) 2 OR, —S(═O) 2 NR, —S(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(O − ) 2 , —N(═O)(OH) 2 , —N(O)(OR)(O − ), —C(═O)R, alkylene-C(═O)R, —C(═O)X, alkylene-C(═O)X, —C(S)R, —C(O)OR, alkylene-C(O)OR, —C(O)O − , alkylene-C(O)O − , —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, —C(S)SR, —C(O)NRR, alkylene-C(O)NRR, —C(S)NRR, or —C(═NR)NRR, wherein each X is independently a halogen, and each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, a carbocyclyl, or a protecting group or prodrug moiety; hydroxyl, alkoxy, cyano, or halo; 
 
         each R 7  is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heteroaryl; or aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heteroaryl substituted with —X, —R, —O − , ═O, —OR, —SR, —S − , —NR 2 —N + R 3 , ═NR, —CX 3 , —CN, —OCN, —SCN, —N═C═O, —NCS, —NO, —NO 2 , ═N 2 , —N 3 , —NHC(═O)R, —C(═O)R, —C(═O)NRR, —S(═O) 2 O − , —S(═O) 2 OH, —S(═O) 2 R, —OS(═O) 2 OR, —S(═O) 2 NR, —S(═O)R, —OP(═O)(OR) 2 , —N(═O)(OR) 2 , —(═O)(O − ) 2 , —N(═O)(OH) 2 , —N(O)(OR)(O − ), —C(═O)R, alkylene-C(═O)R, —C(═O)X, alkylene-C(═O)X, —C(S)R, —C(O)OR, alkylene-C(O)OR, —C(O)O − , alkylene-C(O)O − , —C(S)OR, —C(O)SR, —C(S)SR, —C(O)NRR, alkylene-C(O)NRR, —C(S)NRR, or —C(═NR)NRR, wherein each X is independently a halogen, and each R is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heterocyclyl, a carbocyclyl, or a protecting group or prodrug moiety; 
         each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, hydroxyl, amino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, azido, cyano, formyl, alkyl, alkyl substituted with halo or cyano, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, alkenyl, alkenyl substituted with halo or cyano, alkynyl, alkynyl substituted with halo or cyano, alkoxy, alkoxy substituted with halo or cyano, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl substituted with halo or cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with halo or cyano, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenyl substituted with halo or cyano, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl substituted with halo or cyano, aryl, aryl substituted with halo or cyano, or oxide; and 
         n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; 
         with the following provisos:
 (a) when X and Y are both O, R 4  is H, A is —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —CH(OH)— or —CH 2 —, R 3  is phenyl, and D is —CH 2 —,
 then R 1  is not alkoxy; 
 
 (b) when X and Y are both O, A is —S—, —O—, or —C(O)—, R 3  is phenyl, n is 2, each Z is alkyl, D is —CH 2 —, R 2  is alkyl, and R 4  is H,
 then R 1  is not unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; 
 
 (c) when X and Y are both O, A is —C(O)—, —O—, or —NH—, D is —CH 2 —, R 2  is alkyl, R 3  is phenyl, n is 2, R 4  is H,
 then R 1  is not a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyrimidyl and pyridazyl; 
 
 (d) when X and Y are both O, n is 0 or 2, each Z is alkyl, D is —CH 2 —, R 2  is alkyl, and R 4  is H
 then R 1  is not cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; 
 
 (e) only one of R 4  and -D-R 1  is H; and 
 (f) when X and Y are both O, and D is alkylene, and R 1  is heterocyclyl, then R 1  is not pyridyl. 
 
       
     
     
         2 . A compound of Formula (Ia): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, wherein: 
         X and Y are independently O or S; 
         A is a covalent bond, —O—, —S—, —NR 5 —, —C(O)—, —C(S)—, —C(NR 8 )—, or —C(R 6 ) 2 —; 
         D is a covalent bond, alkylene, alkenylene, or alkynylene; 
         R 1  is H, halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, —OH, —O-acyl, thioalky, silyloxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, CN, —C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —O—C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —N(R 7 )—C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —C(O)—Oalkyl, —C(O)—OH, —O—C(O)—Oalkyl, —N(R 7 )—C(O)—Oalkyl, O-alkylene-OH, —O-alkylene-O-acyl, or —S(O) 2 —N(R 7 ) 2 ; 
         R 2  is halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxycarbonyl, —N(R 7 ) 2 , alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, cycloalkyl, or arylalkyl; 
         R 3  is aryl or heteroaryl; 
         R 4  is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or arylalkyl; 
         R 5  is H, alkyl, arylalkyl, OH, or acyl; 
         each R 6  is independently H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cyano, or halo; 
         each R 7  is independently H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, or heteroaryl; 
         R 8  is H, alkyl, aryl, OH, or alkoxy; 
         each Z 1  is independently selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, hydroxyl, amino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, azido, cyano, formyl, alkyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, substituted heterocyclyl, aryl, or oxide; 
         Z 2  is selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, hydroxyl, amino, acetamido, trifluoroacetamido, azido, cyano, formyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or oxide; 
         n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and
 only one of R 4  and -D-R 1  is H. 
 
       
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein A is —C(R 6 ) 2 —. 
     
     
         4 . The compound of  claim 3 , wherein A is —C(O)—. 
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 4 , wherein R 2  is alkyl or haloalkyl. 
     
     
         6 . The compound of  claim 5 , wherein D is a covalent bond or alkylene. 
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 6 , wherein R 1  is H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, or cycloalkyl substituted with CH 2 —C(O)—OH, —CH 2 —C(O)—NH(p-methoxybenzyl) or —CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 . 
     
     
         8 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein n is at least 1, and at least one Z is —CN. 
     
     
         9 . The compound of  claim 5 , wherein:
 D is alkylene, alkenylene or alkynylene; and   R 1  is H, halo, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl substituted with —CH 2 —C(O)—OH, —CH 2 —C(O)—O-alkyl, —CH 2 —C(O)—NH(p-methoxybenzyl) or —C 2 —C(O)—NH 2 ; —OH, alkoxy, —CN, —C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —O-alkylene-OH, —O-alkylene-O-acyl, —S(O) 2 —N(R 7 ) 2 , —O—C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , —C(O)—Oalkyl, or —C(O)—OH.   
     
     
         10 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein:
 A is a covalent bond, —C(R 6 ) 2 —, —O— or —NR 5 —;   D is a covalent bond or alkylene; and   R 2  is alkyl.   
     
     
         11 . The compound of  claim 10 , wherein R 1  is H or alkyl. 
     
     
         12 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein:
 X and Y are both O;   R 3  is phenyl;   each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of —CH 3 , —CN, —CH═CH—CN, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CN, and Cl;   n is 2;   A is selected from the group consisting of —C(O)—, —C(N—OH)—, —CF 2 —, —CHF—, —CH(OCH 3 )—, —CH(CN)—, —O—, and —NH—; and   D-R 1  is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl substituted with CH 2 —C(O)—OH, —CH 2 —C(O)—NH(p-methoxybenzyl) or —CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 ; hydroxyalkyl, cyanoalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , alkylene-S(O 2 )—N(R 7 ) 2 , -alkylene-O—C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , -alkylene-C(O)—Oalkyl, -alkylene-C(O)—OH, -alkenylene-C(O)—Oalkyl, -alkenylene-C(O)—N(R 7 ) 2 , alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, and cycloalkylalkenyl.   
     
     
         13 . The compound of  claim 12 , wherein R 3 —(Z) 2  is selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         14 . The compound of  claim 12 , wherein D-R 1  is selected from the group consisting of H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl-CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —OH, —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 —C≡CH, —CH 2 —C≡C—CH 3 , —CH 2 —C≡C-cyclopropyl, —CH 2 —C≡C—CH 2 —OH, cis-CH 2 CH═CH—CH 3 , trans-CH 2 CH═CH—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 )═CH 2 , —CH 2 CCl═CH(CH 3 ), —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH═CH 2 , —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—OCH 3 , —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—OH, —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—NH(PMB), —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 , —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—C(O)—OCH 3 , —CH 2 —CH═CH—C(O)—OCH 2 CH 3 , and —CH 2 —CH═CH—C(O)—NH 2 . 
     
     
         15 . The compound of  claim 13 , wherein D-R 1  is selected from the group consisting of H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , cyclopropyl-CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 —OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —OH, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —OH, —CH 2 CN, —CH 2 CH 2 CN, —CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C(O)NH 2 , —CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —O—CH 3 , —CH 2 —C≡CH, —CH 2 —C≡C—CH 3 , —CH 2 —C≡C-cyclopropyl, —CH 2 —C≡C—CH 2 —OH, cis-CH 2 CH═CH—CH 3 , trans-CH 2 CH═CH—CH 3 , —CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH═C(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 )═CH 2 , —CH 2 CCl═CH(CH 3 ), —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH═CH 2 , —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—OCH 3 , —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—OH, —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—NH(PMB), —CH 2 -cyclopropylene-CH 2 —C(O)—NH 2 , —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—C(O)—OCH 3 , —CH 2 —CH═CH—C(O)—OCH 2 CH 3 , and —CH 2 —CH═CH—C(O)—NH 2 . 
     
     
         16 . The compound of  claim 1 , wherein:
 X and Y are both O;   A is a covalent bond;   each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of —CH 3 , —CN and Cl;   n is 2; and   D-R 1  is H or alkyl.   
     
     
         17 . The compound of  claim 16 , wherein R 3  is selected from the group consisting of 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         18 . The compound of  claim 17 , wherein D-R 1  is selected from the group consisting of H, —CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , and —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 . 
     
     
         19 . The compound of  claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of: 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       or pharmaceutically acceptable salts and/or esters of any of the above, in which PMB represents p-methoxybenzy. 
     
     
         20 . (canceled) 
     
     
         21 . A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of  claim 1 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 
     
     
         22 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 21 , further comprising one or more additional active agents. 
     
     
         23 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 22 , wherein:
 said one or more additional active agents are selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CCR8 inhibitors, entry inhibitors, RNase H inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, other drugs for treating HIV, and mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         24 . The pharmaceutical composition of  claim 23 , wherein:
 (1) said HIV protease inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of amprenavir (Agenerase), atazanavir (Reyataz), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir, ritonavir (norvir), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), tipranavir (Aptivus), brecanavir, darunavir (Prezista), TMC-126, TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), L-756423, RO0334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, DG 17, GS-8374, MK-8122 (PPL-100), DG35, and AG1859, SPI-256, TMC 52390, PL-337, SM-322377, SM-309515, GRL-02031, CRS-074, CRS-075, KB-98, and A-790742;   (2) said HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva), nevirapine (Viramune), (+)-calanolide A, calanolide B, etravirine (Intelence), GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150, MIV-160, MIV-170, dapivirine (TMC-120), rilpivirine (TMC-278), BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773, UK-453061, and RDEA806, RDEA 427, RDEA 640, IDX 899, ANX-201 (Thiovir), R-1206, LOC-dd, IQP-0410 (SJ-3366), YM-215389, YM-228855, CMX-052, and CMX-182;   (3) said HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of zidovudine (Retrovir), emtricitabine (Emtriva), didanosine (Videx), stavudine (Zerit), zalcitabine (Hivid), lamivudine (Epivir), abacavir (Ziagen), amdoxovir, elvucitabine (ACH 126443), alovudine (MIV-310), MIV-210, racivir (racemic FTC, PSI-5004), D-d4FC, phosphazide, fozivudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754, SPD-754), GS-7340, KP-1461, AVX756, OBP-601, dioxolane thymine, TMC-254072, INK-20, PPI-801, PPI-802, MIV-410, 4′-Ed4T, B-108, and fosalvudine tidoxil (HDP 99.0003);   (4) said HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), and adefovir dipivoxil;   (5) said HIV integrase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177), L-870812, and L-870810, raltegravir (Isentress, MK-0518), elvitegravir (GS-9137), BMS-538158, GSK364735C, BMS-707035, MK-2048, GSK-349572 (S-349572), GSK-265744 (S-265744), GSK-247303 (S-247303), S-1360 (GW810871), 1,5-DCQA, INH-001, INT-349, V-165, RIN-25, BFX-1001, BFX-1002, BFX-1003, RSC-1838, BCH-33040, and BA 011;   (6) said gp41 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), sifuvirtide, MPI-451936, FB006M, A-329029, and TRI-1144;   (7) said CXCR4 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of AMD-070, KRH-3955 (CS-3955), AMD-9370, AMD-3451, RPI-MN, MSX-122, and POL-2438;   (8) said entry inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of SP01A, PA-161, SPC3, TNX-355, DES6, SP-10, SP-03, CT-319, and CT-326;   (9) said gp120 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of BMS-488043 and its prodrugs, BlockAide/CR, KPC-2, and MNLP62;   (10) said G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, e.g., immunitin,   (11) said CCR5 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of aplaviroc, nifeviroc, vicriviroc (SCH-417690), maraviroc (Selzentry), PRO-140, PRO-542, INCB15050, INCB9471, PF-232798, SCH-532706, GSK-706769, TAK-652, TAK-220, ESN-196, RO-1752, ZM-688523, AMD-887, YM-370749, NIBR-1282, SCH-350634, ZM-688523, and CCR5mAb004;   (12) said CCR8 inhibitors are ZK-756326;   (13) said RNase H inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of ODN-93, and ODN-112;   (14) said maturation inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of bevirimat (PA-457), PA-040, MPC-9055 (vicecon, MPI-49839), ACH-100703, ACH-100706;   (15) said pharmacokinetic enhancers are selected from the group consisting of BAS-100, SPI-452, PF-4194477, TMC-41629, and roxythromycin; and   (16) said other drugs for treating HIV are selected from the group consisting of REP 9, SP-01A, TNX-355, DES6, ODN-93, ODN-112, VGV-1, Ampligen, HRG214, Cytolin, VGX-410, VGX-820, KD-247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007, A-221 HIV, HPH-116, DEBIO-025, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (ipilimumab), PBS 119, BIT-225, UBT-8147, ITI-367, AFX-400, BL-1050, GRN-139951, GRN-140665, AX-38679, RGB-340638, PPI-367, and ALG 889.   
     
     
         25 . A combination pharmaceutical agent comprising:
 a first pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of  claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or ester thereof; and   a second pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one additional active agent selected from the group consisting of HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CCR8 inhibitors, entry inhibitors, RNase H inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, other drugs for treating HIV, and mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         26 . The combination pharmaceutical agent of  claim 25 , wherein:
 (1) said HIV protease inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of amprenavir (Agenerase), atazanavir (Reyataz), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir, ritonavir (norvir), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), tipranavir (Aptivus), brecanavir, darunavir (Prezista), TMC-126, TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), L-756423, RO0334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, DG 17, GS-8374, MK-8122 (PPL-100), DG35, and AG 1859, SPI-256, TMC 52390, PL-337, SM-322377, SM-309515, GRL-02031, CRS-074, CRS-075, KB-98, and A-790742;   (2) said HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva), nevirapine (Viramune), (+)-calanolide A, calanolide B, etravirine (Intelence), GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150, MIV-160, MIV-170, dapivirine (TMC-120), rilpivirine (TMC-278), BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773, UK-453061, and RDEA806, RDEA 427, RDEA 640, IDX 899, ANX-201 (Thiovir), R-1206, LOC-dd, IQP-0410 (SJ-3366), YM-215389, YM-228855, CMX-052, and CMX-182;   (3) said HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of zidovudine (Retrovir), emtricitabine (Emtriva), didanosine (Videx), stavudine (Zerit), zalcitabine (Hivid), lamivudine (Epivir), abacavir (Ziagen), amdoxovir, elvucitabine (ACH 126443), alovudine (MIV-310), MIV-210, racivir (racemic FTC, PSI-5004), D-d4FC, phosphazide, fozivudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754, SPD-754), GS-7340, KP-1461, AVX756, OBP-601, dioxolane thymine, TMC-254072, INK-20, PPI-801, PPI-802, MIV-410, 4′-Ed4T, B-108, and fosalvudine tidoxil (HDP 99.0003);   (4) said HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), and adefovir dipivoxil;   (5) said HIV integrase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177), L-870812, and L-870810, raltegravir (Isentress, MK-0518), elvitegravir (GS-9137), BMS-538158, GSK364735C, BMS-707035, MK-2048, GSK-349572 (S-349572), GSK-265744 (S-265744), GSK-247303 (S-247303), S-1360 (GW810871), 1,5-DCQA, INH-001, INT-349, V-165, RIN-25, BFX-1001, BFX-1002, BFX-1003, RSC-1838, BCH-33040, and BA 011;   (6) said gp41 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), sifuvirtide, MPI-451936, FB006M, A-329029, and TRI-1144;   (7) said CXCR4 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of AMD-070, KRH-3955 (CS-3955), AMD-9370, AMD-3451, RPI-MN, MSX-122, and POL-2438;   (8) said entry inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of SP01A, PA-161, SPC3, TNX-355, DES6, SP-10, SP-03, CT-319, and CT-326;   (9) said gp120 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of BMS-488043 and its prodrugs, BlockAide/CR, KPC-2, and MNLP62;   (10) said G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, e.g., immunitin,   (11) said CCR5 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of aplaviroc, nifeviroc, vicriviroc (SCH-417690), maraviroc (Selzentry), PRO-140, PRO-542, INCB15050, INCB9471, PF-232798, SCH-532706, GSK-706769, TAK-652, TAK-220, ESN-196, RO-1752, ZM-688523, AMD-887, YM-370749, NIBR-1282, SCH-350634, ZM-688523, and CCR5mAb004;   (12) said CCR8 inhibitors are ZK-756326;   (13) said RNase H inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of ODN-93, and ODN-112;   (14) said maturation inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of bevirimat (PA-457), PA-040, MPC-9055 (vicecon, MPI-49839), ACH-100703, ACH-100706;   (15) said pharmacokinetic enhancers are selected from the group consisting of BAS-100, SPI-452, PF-4194477, TMC-41629, and roxythromycin; and   (16) said other drugs for treating HIV are selected from the group consisting of REP 9, SP-01A, TNX-355, DES6, ODN-93, ODN-112, VGV-1, Ampligen, HRG214, Cytolin, VGX-410, VGX-820, KD-247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007, A-221 HIV, HPH-116, DEBIO-025, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (ipilimumab), PBS 119, BIT-225, UBT-8147, ITI-367, AFX-400, BL-1050, GRN-139951, GRN-140665, AX-38679, RGB-340638, PPI-367, and ALG 889.   
     
     
         27 . A method of inhibiting the replication of a retrovirus comprising:
 contacting said retrovirus with a compound of  claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or ester thereof.   
     
     
         28 . The method of  claim 27 , further comprising:
 contacting the retrovirus with at least one additional active agent selected from the group consisting of one or more HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CCR8 inhibitors, entry inhibitors, RNase H inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, other drugs for treating HIV, and mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         29 . The method of  claim 28 , wherein:
 (1) said HIV protease inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of amprenavir (Agenerase), atazanavir (Reyataz), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir, ritonavir (norvir), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), tipranavir (Aptivus), brecanavir, darunavir (Prezista), TMC-126, TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), L-756423, RO0334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, DG 17, GS-8374, MK-8122 (PPL-100), DG35, and AG 1859, SPI-256, TMC 52390, PL-337, SM-322377, SM-309515, GRL-02031, CRS-074, CRS-075, KB-98, and A-790742;   (2) said HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva), nevirapine (Viramune), (+)-calanolide A, calanolide B, etravirine (Intelence), GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150, MIV-160, MIV-170, dapivirine (TMC-120), rilpivirine (TMC-278), BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773, UK-453061, and RDEA806, RDEA 427, RDEA 640, IDX 899, ANX-201 (Thiovir), R-1206, LOC-dd, IQP-0410 (SJ-3366), YM-215389, YM-228855, CMX-052, and CMX-182;   (3) said HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of zidovudine (Retrovir), emtricitabine (Emtriva), didanosine (Videx), stavudine (Zerit), zalcitabine (Hivid), lamivudine (Epivir), abacavir (Ziagen), amdoxovir, elvucitabine (ACH 126443), alovudine (MIV-310), MIV-210, racivir (racemic FTC, PSI-5004), D-d4FC, phosphazide, fozivudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754, SPD-754), GS-7340, KP-1461, AVX756, OBP-601, dioxolane thymine, TMC-254072, INK-20, PPI-801, PPI-802, MIV-410, 4′-Ed4T, B-108, and fosalvudine tidoxil (HDP 99.0003);   (4) said HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), and adefovir dipivoxil;   (5) said HIV integrase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177), L-870812, and L-870810, raltegravir (Isentress, MK-0518), elvitegravir (GS-9137), BMS-538158, GSK364735C, BMS-707035, MK-2048, GSK-349572 (S-349572), GSK-265744 (S-265744), GSK-247303 (S-247303), S-1360 (GW810871), 1,5-DCQA, INH-001, INT-349, V-165, RIN-25, BFX-1001, BFX-1002, BFX-1003, RSC-1838, BCH-33040, and BA 011;   (6) said gp41 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), sifuvirtide, MPI-451936, FB006M, A-329029, and TRI-1144;   (7) said CXCR4 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of AMD-070, KRH-3955 (CS-3955), AMD-9370, AMD-3451, RPI-MN, MSX-122, and POL-2438;   (8) said entry inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of SP01A, PA-161, SPC3, TNX-355, DES6, SP-10, SP-03, CT-319, and CT-326;   (9) said gp120 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of BMS-488043 and its prodrugs, BlockAide/CR, KPC-2, and MNLP62;   (10) said G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, e.g., immunitin,   (11) said CCR5 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of aplaviroc, nifeviroc, vicriviroc (SCH-417690), maraviroc (Selzentry), PRO-140, PRO-542, INCB15050, INCB9471, PF-232798, SCH-532706, GSK-706769, TAK-652, TAK-220, ESN-196, RO-1752, ZM-688523, AMD-887, YM-370749, NIBR-1282, SCH-350634, ZM-688523, and CCR5mAb004;   (12) said CCR8 inhibitors are ZK-756326;   (13) said RNase H inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of ODN-93, and ODN-112;   (14) said maturation inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of bevirimat (PA-457), PA-040, MPC-9055 (vicecon, MPI-49839), ACH-100703, ACH-100706;   (15) said pharmacokinetic enhancers are selected from the group consisting of BAS-100, SPI-452, PF-4194477, TMC-41629, and roxythromycin; and   (16) said other drugs for treating HIV are selected from the group consisting of REP 9, SP-01A, TNX-355, DES6, ODN-93, ODN-112, VGV-1, Ampligen, HRG214, Cytolin, VGX-410, VGX-820, KD-247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007, A-221 HIV, HPH-116, DEBIO-025, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (ipilimumab), PBS 119, BIT-225, UBT-8147, ITI-367, AFX-400, BL-1050, GRN-139951, GRN-140665, AX-38679, RGB-340638, PPI-367, and ALG 889.   
     
     
         30 .- 45 . (canceled) 
     
     
         46 . The compound of  claim 3 , wherein each R 6  is independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, and alkoxy. 
     
     
         47 . A method for inhibiting HIV reverse transcriptase comprising:
 administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of  claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, to a patient in need of such treatment.   
     
     
         48 . A method for treating or preventing a HIV infection comprising:
 administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of  claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, to a patient in need of such treatment.   
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 48 , further comprising:
 co-administering a therapeutic amount of at least one additional active agent selected from the group consisting of one or more HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CCR8 inhibitors, entry inhibitors, RNase H inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, other drugs for treating HIV, and mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 49 , wherein:
 (1) said HIV protease inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of amprenavir (Agenerase), atazanavir (Reyataz), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir, ritonavir (norvir), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), tipranavir (Aptivus), brecanavir, darunavir (Prezista), TMC-126, TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), L-756423, RO0334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, DG 17, GS-8374, MK-8122 (PPL-100), DG35, and AG 1859, SPI-256, TMC 52390, PL-337, SM-322377, SM-309515, GRL-02031, CRS-074, CRS-075, KB-98, and A790742;   (2) said HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva), nevirapine (Viramune), (+)-calanolide A, calanolide B, etravirine (Intelence), GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150, MIV-160, MIV-170, dapivirine (TMC-120), rilpivirine (TMC-278), BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773, UK-453061, and RDEA806, RDEA 427, RDEA 640, IDX 899, ANX-201 (Thiovir), R-1206, LOC-dd, IQP-0410 (SJ-3366), YM-215389, YM-228855, CMX-052, and CMX-182;   (3) said HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of zidovudine (Retrovir), emtricitabine (Emtriva), didanosine (Videx), stavudine (Zerit), zalcitabine (Hivid), lamivudine (Epivir), abacavir (Ziagen), amdoxovir, elvucitabine (ACH 126443), alovudine (MIV-310), MIV-210, racivir (racemic FTC, PSI-5004), D-d4FC, phosphazide, fozivudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754, SPD-754), GS-7340, KP-1461, AVX756, OBP-601, dioxolane thymine, TMC254072, INK-20, PPI-801, PPI-802, MIV-410, 4′-Ed4T, B-108, and fosalvudine tidoxil (HDP 99.0003);   (4) said HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), and adefovir dipivoxil;   (5) said HIV integrase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid; caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177), L-870812, and L-870810, raltegravir (Isentress, MK-0518), elvitegravir (GS-9137), BMS-538158, GSK364735C, BMS-707035, MK-2048, GSK-349572 (S-349572), GSK-265744 (S-265744), GSK-247303 (S-247303), S-1360 (GW810871), 1,5-DCQA, INH-001, INT-349, V-165, RIN-25, BFX-1001, BFX-1002, BFX-1003, RSC-1838, BCH-33040, and BA 011;   (6) said gp41 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), sifuvirtide, MPI-451936, FB006M, A-329029, and TRI-1144;   (7) said CXCR4 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of AMD-070, KRH-3955 (CS-3955), AMD-9370, AMD-3451, RPI-MN, MSX-122, and POL-2438;   (8) said entry inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of SP01A, PA-161, SPC3, TNX-355, DES6, SP-10, SP-03, CT-319, and CT-326;   (9) said gp120 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of BMS-488043 and its prodrugs, BlockAide/CR, KPC-2, and MNLP62;   (10) said G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, e.g., immunitin,   (11) said CCR5 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of aplaviroc, nifeviroc, vicriviroc (SCH-417690), maraviroc (Selzentry), PRO-140, PRO-542, INCB15050, INCB9471, PF-232798, SCH-532706, GSK-706769, TAK-652, TAK-220, ESN-196, RO-1752, ZM-688523, AMD-887, YM-370749, NIBR-1282, SCH-350634, ZM-688523, and CCR5mAb004;   (12) said CCR8 inhibitors are ZK-756326;   (13) said RNase H inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of ODN93, and ODN-112;   (14) said maturation inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of bevirimat (PA-457), PA-040, MPC-9055 (vicecon, MPI-49839), ACH-100703, ACH100706;   (15) said pharmacokinetic enhancers are selected from the group consisting of BAS-100, SPI-452, PF-4194477, TMC-41629, and roxythromycin; and   (16) said other drugs for treating HIV are selected from the group consisting of REP 9, SP-01A, TNX-355, DES6, ODN-93, ODN-112, VGV-1, Ampligen, HRG214, Cytolin, VGX-410, VGX-820, KD-247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007, A-221 HIV, HPH-116, DEBIO-025, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (ipilimumab), PBS 119, BIT-225, UBT-8147, ITI-367, AFX-400, BL-1050, GRN-139951, GRN-140665, AX-38679, RGB-340638, PPI-367, and ALG 889.   
     
     
         51 . A method for treating AIDS or AIDS Related Complex (ARC) comprising:
 administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of  claim 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, to a patient in need of such treatment.   
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 51 , further comprising:
 co-administering a therapeutic amount of at least one additional active agent selected from the group consisting of one or more HIV protease inhibitors, HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, HIV integrase inhibitors, gp41 inhibitors, CXCR4 inhibitors, gp120 inhibitors, G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, CCR5 inhibitors, CCR8 inhibitors, entry inhibitors, RNase H inhibitors, maturation inhibitors, pharmacokinetic enhancers, other drugs for treating HIV, and mixtures thereof.   
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 52 , wherein:
 (1) said HIV protease inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of amprenavir (Agenerase), atazanavir (Reyataz), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir, ritonavir (norvir), nelfinavir (Viracept), saquinavir (Invirase), tipranavir (Aptivus), brecanavir, darunavir (Prezista), TMC-126, TMC-114, mozenavir (DMP-450), JE-2147 (AG1776), L-756423, RO0334649, KNI-272, DPC-681, DPC-684, DG 17, GW640385X, GS-8374, MK-8122 (PPL-100), DG35, AG 1859, SPI-256, TMC 52390, FL-337, SM-322377, SM-309515, GRL-02031, CRS-074, CRS-075, KB-98, and A790742;   (2) said HIV non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of capravirine, emivirine, delaviridine (Rescriptor), efavirenz (Sustiva), nevirapine (Viramune), (+)-calanolide A, calanolide B, etravirine (Intelence), GW5634, DPC-083, DPC-961, DPC-963, MIV-150, MIV-160, MIV-170, dapivirine (TMC-120), rilpivirine (TMC-278), BILR 355 BS, VRX 840773, UK-453061, RDEA806, RDEA 427, RDEA 640, IDX 899, ANX-201 (Thiovir), R-1206, LOC-dd, IQP-0410 (SJ-3366), YM-215389, YM-228855, CMX-052, and CMX-182;   (3) said HIV nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of zidovudine (Retrovir), emtricitabine (Emtriva), didanosine (Videx), stavudine (Zerit), zalcitabine (Hivid), lamivudine (Epivir), abacavir (Ziagen), amdoxovir, elvucitabine (ACH 126443), alovudine (MIV-310), MIV-210, racivir (racemic FTC, PSI-5004), D-d4FC, phosphazide, fozivudine tidoxil, apricitibine (AVX754, SPD-754), GS-7340, KP-1461, AVX756, OBP-601, dioxolane thymine, TMC254072, INK-20, PPI-801, PPI-802, MIV-410, 4′-Ed4T, B-108, and fosalvudine tidoxil (HDP 99.0003);   (4) said HIV nucleotide inhibitors of reverse transcriptase are selected from the group consisting of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread), and adefovir dipivoxil;   (5) said HIV integrase inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of curcumin, derivatives of curcumin, chicoric acid, derivatives of chicoric acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, derivatives of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, aurintricarboxylic acid, derivatives of aurintricarboxylic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, derivatives of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, tyrphostin, derivatives of tyrphostin, quercetin, derivatives of quercetin, S-1360, zintevir (AR-177), L-870812, and L-870810, raltegravir (Isentress, MK-0518), elvitegravir (GS-9137), BMS-538158, GSK364735C, BMS-707035, MK-2048, GSK-349572 (5-349572), GSK-265744 (S-265744), GSK-247303 (S-247303), S-1360 (GW810871), 1,5-DCQA, INH-001, INT-349, V-165, RIN-25, BFX1001, BFX-1002, BFX-1003, RSC-1838, BCH-33040, and BA 011;   (6) said gp41 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of enfuvirtide (Fuzeon), sifuvirtide, MPI-451936, FB006M, A-329029, and TRI-1144;   (7) said CXCR4 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of AMD-070, KRH-3955 (CS-3955), AMD-9370, AMD-3451, RPI-MN, MSX-122, and POL-2438;   (8) said entry inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of SP01A, PA-161, SPC3, TNX-355, DES6, SP-10, SP-03, CT-319, and CT-326;   (9) said gp120 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of BMS-488043 and its prodrugs, BlockAide/CR, KPC-2, and MNLP62;   (10) said G6PD and NADH-oxidase inhibitors, e.g., immunitin,   (11) said CCR5 inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of aplaviroc, nifeviroc, vicriviroc (SCH-417690), maraviroc (Selzentry), PRO-140, PRO-542, INCB15050, INCB9471, PF-232798, SCH-532706, GSK-706769, TAK-652, TAK-220, ESN-196, RO-1752, ZM-688523, AMD-887, YM-370749, NIBR-1282, SCH-350634, ZM-688523, and CCR5mAb004;   (12) said CCR8 inhibitors are ZK-756326;   (13) said RNase H inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of ODN93, and ODN-112;   (14) said maturation inhibitors are selected from the group consisting of bevirimat (PA-457), PA-040, MPC-9055 (vicecon, MPI-49839), ACH-100703, ACH-100706;   (15) said pharmacokinetic enhancers are selected from the group consisting of BAS-100, SPI-452, PF-4194477, TMC-41629, and roxythromycin; and   (16) said other drugs for treating HIV are selected from the group consisting of REP 9, SP-01A, TNX-355, DES6, ODN-93, ODN-112, VGV-1, Ampligen, HRG214, Cytolin, VGX-410, VGX-820, KD-247, AMZ 0026, CYT 99007, A-221 HIV, HPH-116, DEBIO-025, BAY 50-4798, MDX010 (ipilimumab), PBS 119, BIT-225, UBT-8147, ITI-367, AFX-400, BL-1050, GRN-139951, GRN-140665, AX-38679, RGB-340638, PPI-367, and ALG 889.