Advanced, biomass-derived, low-sulfur bunker fuels

Abstract

A fuel composition and the process of making the fuel composition are described. More specifically, a novel biomass derived low sulfur bunker fuels composition and the method of making thereof. Embodiment of the invention discloses a novel low sulfur bunker fuels composition derived from blending various bio-oil with other heavy residual fuel oils and distillates where final sulfur content and carbon intensity is controlled by the ratio of bio-oil to other heavy residual fuel oils and distillates. Embodiment of the invention also discloses a process of making a novel biomass derived low sulfur bunker fuels by blending various bio-oil with other heavy residual fuel oils and distillates.

1 . A blended fuel composition comprising a renewable based fuel and a petroleum based fuel, wherein the weight ratio of said renewable based fuel to said petroleum based fuel is from 1:20 to 20:1. 
     
     
         2 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , comprising less than 1.5 wt % of sulfur wherein the viscosity of said composition is less than 150 cSt the flash point of said composition is at least 80° C., and the ash content of said composition is less than 350 ppm. 
     
     
         3 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based fuel comprises a bio-oil component and a bio-co-solvent component. 
     
     
         4 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said bio-oil is a pyrolysis product selected from the group consisting of plant fiber, lignin, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, wood, wood byproducts, miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, tree byproducts, leaves, eucalyptus, palm, pulping liquor, paper, plant byproducts, plant oils, plant solids, grasses, agricultural byproducts, yard-waste, garbage, municipal waste, biologically derived manufacturing waste, animal byproducts, animal waste, bacterial solids, algal solids, algae, fiber, starches, sugars, proteins, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         5 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based fuel comprises hydrocarbon that are derived from natural, replenishable feed stock. 
     
     
         6 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon comprises molecular oxygen as represented in the general formula of C x H y O z  where 1<x<20, 2<Y<44, and 1<z<3. 
     
     
         7 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids and combination thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said bio-solvent component is selected from the group of common alcohol-based solvents consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, butanediol, propanediol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, furfuryl alcohol, glycerol, organic acids; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, ketones; acetone, butanone, pentanone, ethyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based fuel is selected from a group consisting of light fuel oils, heavy residual fuel oils, atmospheric gas oil, vacuum gas oil, coker gas oils, light cycle oil, heavy cycle oil, slurry oil, hydrocracked gas oils, slop oils, unconverted gas oils, diesel fuel, heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, various intermediate hydrocarbon streams of similar attributes, and any mixture thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component comprise at least 3.5 wt % sulfur. 
     
     
         11 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a step of pre-treatment wherein said renewable based fuel is pre-treated by filtration, neutralization and distillation prior to admixing with said petroleum based fuel to remove a stream comprising metals, water or sediment, and to neutralize any acidic components. 
     
     
         12 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based fuel is about 0.5 to 50% by weight of said blended fuel. 
     
     
         13 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of said bio-oil component to bio-co-solvent component is from 2:1 to 25:1. 
     
     
         14 . A process for producing a blended fuel composition comprising:
 a) providing a renewable based fuel,   b) providing a petroleum based fuel, and   c) admixing said renewable based fuel and said petroleum based fuel in weight ratio ranges from 1:20 to 20:1.   
     
     
         15 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , comprising less than 1.5 wt % of sulfur wherein the viscosity of said composition is less than 150 cSt the flash point of said composition is at least 80° C., and the ash content of said composition is less than 350 ppm. 
     
     
         16 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said renewable based fuel comprises a bio-oil component and a bio-co-solvent component. 
     
     
         17 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said bio-oil is a pyrolysis product selected from the group consisting of plant fiber, lignin, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, wood, wood byproducts, miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, tree byproducts, leaves, eucalyptus, palm, pulping liquor, paper, plant byproducts, plant oils, plant solids, grasses, agricultural byproducts, yard-waste, garbage, municipal waste, biologically derived manufacturing waste, animal byproducts, animal waste, bacterial solids, algal solids, algae, fiber, starches, sugars, proteins, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         18 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said renewable based fuel comprises hydrocarbon that are derived from natural, replenishable feed stock. 
     
     
         19 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said hydrocarbon comprises molecular oxygen as represented in the general formula of C x H y O z  where 1<x<20, 2<Y<44, and 1<z<3. 
     
     
         20 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids and combination thereof. 
     
     
         21 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said bio-solvent component is selected from the group of common alcohol-based solvents consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, butanediol, propanediol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, furfuryl alcohol, glycerol, organic acids; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, ketones; acetone, butanone, pentanone, ethyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said petroleum based fuel is selected from a group consisting of light fuel oils, heavy residual fuel oils, atmospheric gas oil, vacuum gas oil, coker gas oils, light cycle oil, heavy cycle oil, slurry oil, hydrocracked gas oils, slop oils, unconverted gas oils, diesel fuel, heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, various intermediate hydrocarbon streams of similar attributes, and any mixture thereof. 
     
     
         23 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said petroleum based component comprise at least 3.5 wt % sulfur. 
     
     
         24 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , further comprising a step of pre-treatment wherein said renewable based fuel is pre-treated by filtration, neutralization and distillation prior to admixing with said petroleum based fuel to remove a stream comprising metals, water or sediment, and to neutralize any acidic components. 
     
     
         25 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein said renewable based fuel is about 0.5 to 50% by weight of said blended fuel. 
     
     
         26 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 14 , wherein the weight ratio of said bio-oil component to bio-co-solvent component is from 2:1 to 25:1. 
     
     
         27 . A blended fuel composition produced by:
 a) providing a renewable based fuel,   b) providing a petroleum based fuel, and   c) admixing said renewable based fuel and said petroleum based fuel in weight ratio ranges from 1:20 to 20:1.   
     
     
         28 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , comprising less than 1.5 wt % of sulfur wherein the viscosity of said composition is less than 150 cSt the flash point of said composition is at least 80° C., and the ash content of said composition is less than 350 ppm. 
     
     
         29 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said renewable based fuel comprises a bio-oil component and a bio-co-solvent component. 
     
     
         30 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said bio-oil is a pyrolysis product selected from the group consisting of plant fiber, lignin, cellulose, hemi-cellulose, wood, wood byproducts, miscanthus, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, sorghum, sugarcane, tree byproducts, leaves, eucalyptus, palm, pulping liquor, paper, plant byproducts, plant oils, plant solids, grasses, agricultural byproducts, yard-waste, garbage, municipal waste, biologically derived manufacturing waste, animal byproducts, animal waste, bacterial solids, algal solids, algae, fiber, starches, sugars, proteins, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         31 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said renewable based fuel comprises hydrocarbon that are derived from natural, replenishable feed stock. 
     
     
         32 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said hydrocarbon comprises molecular oxygen as represented in the general formula of C x H y O z  where 1<x<20, 2<Y<44, and 1<z<3. 
     
     
         33 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, acids and combination thereof. 
     
     
         34 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said bio-solvent component is selected from the group of common alcohol-based solvents consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, heptanol, octanol, nonanol, decanol, butanediol, propanediol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, furfuryl alcohol, glycerol, organic acids; formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, ketones; acetone, butanone, pentanone, ethyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and any combination thereof. 
     
     
         35 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said petroleum based fuel is selected from a group consisting of light fuel oils, heavy residual fuel oils, atmospheric gas oil, vacuum gas oil, coker gas oils, light cycle oil, heavy cycle oil, slurry oil, hydrocracked gas oils, slop oils, unconverted gas oils, diesel fuel, heating oil, kerosene, jet fuel, various intermediate hydrocarbon streams of similar attributes, and any mixture thereof. 
     
     
         36 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said petroleum based component comprise at least 3.5 wt % sulfur. 
     
     
         37 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , further comprising a step of pre-treatment wherein said renewable based fuel is pre-treated by filtration, neutralization and distillation prior to admixing with said petroleum based fuel to remove a stream comprising metals, water or sediment, and to neutralize any acidic components. 
     
     
         38 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein said renewable based fuel is about 0.5 to 50% by weight of said blended fuel. 
     
     
         39 . The blended fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein the weight ratio of said bio-oil component to bio-co-solvent component is from 2:1 to 25:1.