US2012297666A1PendingUtilityA1
Synthetic Fuels With Enhanced Mechanical Energy Output
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Feb 1, 2010Filed: Feb 1, 2011Published: Nov 29, 2012
Est. expiryFeb 1, 2030(~3.5 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Matthew M. Zuckerman
C10L 1/19C10L 1/1832C10L 1/23C10L 1/02C10L 1/224C10L 1/1616C10L 1/14C10L 1/1608C10L 1/1857C10L 2270/02C10L 1/1822C10L 1/1824C10L 2230/22C10L 1/231
50
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
0
References
0
Claims
Abstract
Fuel blends and processes for producing a fuel unit blend to replace gasoline or supplement the apparent energy density of diesel or other fuel. The fuel unit blend comprises a base combustive fuel component that produces excess heat, which heat activates and sustains reactions of secondary detonative fuel components. The fuel mixture including a detonative fuel component blended with a stabilizing fuel component is dynamically stable, allowing the detonative fuel component to survive the combustion of the base combustive fuel component. The fuel blend produces first deflagrative combustion and then detonative or explosive waves in an internal combustion engine so as to produce maximum effective torque on the engines piston. A secondary effect is provided when the exhaust gas is cooled, increasing the Carnot thermal efficiency of the engine. The fuel blends may be diluted with a base combustive fuel to form a synthetic fuel for use within an internal combustion engine. The synthetic fuels also have application in mining, demolition, and military applications as explosive trains including a primary fuel explosive and a secondary explosive comprising the core polar material. Detonation or explosion of the secondary accelerates the combustion products of the primary fuel.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modified1 . A process for producing a fuel unit for use in an internal combustion engine, the process comprising:
selecting a petroleum-based fuel to be replaced and identifying its combustive, performance, and energy values; selecting a polar small-molecule hydrocarbon having four or less carbons and a known deflagrative combustion value as a stabilizing fuel component; and comparing the known deflagrative combustion value of the stabilizing fuel component against the energy value of the petroleum-based fuel to be replaced; calculating the relative energy deficiency of the stabilizing fuel component against the petroleum-based fuel to be replaced; and forming the fuel unit by combining that amount of a detonative fuel component which will provide an energy density sufficient to substantially equal the combustive, performance, and energy values of the petroleum-based fuel to be replaced.
2 . A process as in claim 1 , wherein the detonative fuel component is combined with an amount of the selected stabilizing fuel component so that the detonative fuel component is provided in a shipping-stabilized form.
3 . A process as in claim 2 , wherein the petroleum-based fuel to be replaced is gasoline, wherein the stabilizing fuel component is methanol, and the detonative fuel component comprises nitro methane, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and acetone, the nitro methane, 2-ethylhyexyl nitrate, and acetone being present within the detonative fuel component at a volumetric ratio between about 2.5 to about 3 parts nitro methane per part acetone, and about 1.5 to about 2 parts 2-ethylhexyl nitrate per part acetone.
4 . A process as in claim 2 , wherein the stabilizing fuel component is methanol and comprises at least about 28.5% by volume of the fuel unit.
5 . A process as in claim 2 , wherein the shipping-stabilized form of the detonative fuel component comprises on a molar basis, about 20 moles of methanol, about 10 moles of nitro methane, about 2 moles of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and about 3 moles of acetone.
6 . (canceled)
7 . (canceled)
8 . (canceled)
9 . A fuel additive to be combined with a base combustive fuel for use in an internal combustion engine, the fuel additive comprising:
a core polar material comprising:
a polar protic compound
at least two polar aprotic compounds; and
a nitro-alkane compound; and
a stabilizing and enhancing combustive mixture comprising:
a nonpolar compound; and
an explosion-enhancing compound;
wherein at least one part of the core polar material and one part of the stabilizing and enhancing combustive mixture can be added to at least about 10 parts of a base combustive fuel to form a synthetic fuel blend.
10 . A fuel additive as in claim 0 , wherein the core polar material approximately comprises by volume:
Methanol
42-48%;
Nitromethane
24-30%;
2 Ethylhexyl Nitrate
14-21%;
Acetone
8-11%.
11 . A fuel additive as in claim 0 , wherein the stabilizing and enhancing combustive mixture approximately comprises by volume:
% Range by Volume
2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate
<80
Petroleum Distillates
5-30
1,2,4-Trimethyl-benezene
1-25
Long Chain Alkyl Amide
1-25
Light Petroleum Distillates
m-Cresol
1-25
Xylenol
1-25
p-Cresol
0.5-24
Vinyl Acetate
0.5-24
Ethyl Phenol
0.3-20
12 . A synthetic fuel for use in an internal combustion engine, the fuel comprising:
a core polar material comprising:
a polar protic compound;
at least two polar aprotic compounds; and
a nitro-alkane compound; and
a stabilizing and enhancing combustive mixture comprising:
a nonpolar compound; and
an explosion-enhancing compound; and
a base combustive fuel; wherein at least one part each of the core polar material and stabilizing enhancing combustive mixture is added to at least about 10 parts of the base combustive fuel.
13 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein the base combustive fuel is a petroleum-based fuel.
14 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 0 , wherein one part each of the core polar material and stabilizing combustive mixture is added to at least about 1000 parts of the base combustive fuel.
15 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein one part each of the core polar material and stabilizing combustive mixture is added to at least about 2000 parts of the base combustive fuel.
16 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein one part each of the core polar material and stabilizing combustive mixture is added to at between about 500 and about 1000 parts of the base combustive fuel.
17 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein about one part of the core polar material and about 3 parts of the stabilizing combustive mixture are added to between about 500 and about 2000 parts of the base combustive fuel.
18 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein the base combustive fuel is a polar biodiesel, and the core polar material, stabilizing enhancing combustive mixture, and a portion of the biodiesel are combined at about a 1:1:8 ratio to form an intermediate mixture and the intermediate mixture is then combined with at least about 100 parts of the biodiesel.
19 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 0 , wherein one part each of the core polar material and stabilizing combustive mixture is added to at least about 100 parts of the base combustive fuel.
20 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein the two polar aprotic compounds comprise acetone and nitro methane.
21 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein the polar protic compound comprises methanol.
22 . (canceled)
23 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein the core polar material approximately comprises by volume:
Methanol
42-48%;
Nitromethane
24-30%;
2 Ethylhexyl Nitrate
14-21%;
Acetone
8-11%.
24 . A synthetic fuel as in claim 12 , wherein the core polar material approximately comprises by volume:
% Range by Volume
2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate
<80
Petroleum Distillates
5-30
1,2,4-Trimethyl-benezene
1-25
Long Chain Alkyl Amide
1-25
Light Petroleum Distillates
m-Cresol
1-25
Xylenol
1-25
p-Cresol
0.5-24
Vinyl Acetate
0.5-24
Ethyl Phenol
0.3-20
25 - 33 . (canceled)Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
Track US2012297666A1 — get alerts on status changes and closely related new filings.
We store only your email — no account needed. See our privacy policy.