Fuels, methods of making them and additives for use in fuels

Abstract

A water in oil emulsion having 70 to 99 wt % diesel fuel the diesel fuel having 0 to 50 vol % biodiesel blended fuel, 0.5 to 30 wt % water, 0.01 to 5 wt % alkyl amine ethoxylate at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being C 10 to C 14 alkyl amine ethoxylate and at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being C 16 to C 18 alkyl amine ethoxylate and 0.03 to 1 wt % of the product obtainable by reacting a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of molecular weight 9000 to 2600 with 1 to 2 moles of a tertiary alkanol amine. The emulsion is stable and is useful as a biodiesel blended fuel.

1 . A water in oil emulsion comprising:
 a) 70 to 99 wt % diesel fuel said diesel fuel comprising 0 to 50 vol % biodiesel blended fuel;   b) 0.5 to 30 wt % water;   c) 0.01 to 5 wt % alkyl amine ethoxylate at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being C10 to C14 alkyl amine ethoxylate and at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being Cj6 to Ci8 alkyl amine ethoxylate; and   d) 0.03 to 1 wt % of the product obtainable by reacting a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of molecular weight 900 to 2600 with 1 to 2 moles of a tertiary alkanolamine per mole of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.   
     
     
         2 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 1  wherein said diesel fuel comprises 5 to 50 vol % biodiesel blended fuel. 
     
     
         3 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 1  wherein the alkyl amine ethoxylate comprises a mixture of polyoxyethylene tallow amine and polyoxyethylene coco amine. 
     
     
         4 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 1  wherein the tertiary alkanolamine is di ethyl ethanol amine. 
     
     
         5 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 1  further comprising
 0.01 to 0.1 wt % ammonium nitrate. 
 
     
     
         6 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 1  further comprising a cetane improver. 
     
     
         7 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 6  wherein the cetane improver comprises 2-ethylhexylnitrate. 
     
     
         8 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 1  further comprising ethylene glycol. 
     
     
         9 . The emulsion as claimed in  claim 8  wherein the ratio of ethylene glycol to water is in the range 1:3 to 1:13. 
     
     
         10 . The use of alkyl amine ethoxylate comprising at least 25 wt % Cio to C14 alkyl amine ethoxylate and at least 25 wt % Ci6 to Cis alkyl amine ethoxylate, and the product obtainable by reacting a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of molecular weight 900 to 2600 reacted with 1 to 2 moles of a tertiary alkanolamine per mole of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride in stabilizing water in oil emulsions comprising diesel fuel. 
     
     
         11 . A composition comprising 1 to 500 parts by weight alkyl amine ethoxylate at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being do to Cj4 alkyl amine ethoxylate and at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being Ci6 to Cis alkyl amine ethoxylate; and 3 to 100 parts by weight of the product obtainable by reacting a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of molecular weight 900 to 2600 with 1 to 2 moles of a tertiary alkanolamine per mole of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride. 
     
     
         12 . The use of the composition as claimed in  claim 11  in stabilizing a water in oil emulsion comprising 70 to 99 parts by weight diesel fuel and 0.5 to 30 parts by weight water. 
     
     
         13 . A method of making an emulsion comprising blending
 a) 70 to 99 wt % diesel fuel said diesel fuel comprising 0 to 50 vol % biodiesel fuel;   b) 0.5 to 30 wt % water;   c) 0.01 to 5 wt % alkyl amine ethoxylate at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being do to Cj4 alkyl amine ethoxylate and at least 25 wt % of the alkyl amine ethoxylate being Ci6 to Cis alkyl amine ethoxylate; and   d) 0.03 to 1 wt % of the product obtainable by reacting a polyisobutylene succinic anhydride of molecular weight 900 to 2600 with 1 to 2 moles of a tertiary alkanolamine per mole of polyisobutylene succinic anhydride.