US2012196747A1PendingUtilityA1

Compositions and methods of inhibiting plant biology

44
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Feb 1, 2011Filed: Feb 1, 2012Published: Aug 2, 2012
Est. expiryFeb 1, 2031(~4.5 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Brian B. Goodwin
A01N 61/00A01N 25/10A01N 25/08A01N 25/00
44
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Claims

Abstract

A method of inhibiting the rate of at least one biological process in a seed or plant is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a part of a seed, a plant, or the locus thereof with a composition of matter, the composition of matter comprising an agriculturally acceptable complex mixture of dissolved organic material substantially devoid of one or more metal ions essential for the at least one biological process in the seed or plant. A composition of matter is also disclosed comprising a mixture of compounds derived from natural organic matter (NOM) that is substantially devoid of metal ions.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A method of inhibiting the rate of at least one biological process in a seed or plant, the method comprising contacting a part of a seed, a plant, or the locus thereof with a composition of matter, the composition of matter comprising an agriculturally acceptable complex mixture of natural organic matter (NOM) substantially devoid of one or more metal ions essential for the at least one biological process in the seed or plant. 
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the natural organic matter is partially humified. 
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the natural organic matter is characterized by at least two of:
 a. a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins;   b. a oxygen-to-carbon ratio for the dissolved organic matter of greater than about 0.5;   c. a total number of tannin compounds greater than about 200, the tannin compounds having a hydrogen to carbon ration of about 0.5 to about 1.4, and an aromaticity index of less than about 0.7 as measured by mass spectroscopy; or   d. a mass distribution of about 55-60% lignin compounds, 27-35% tannin compounds, and about 8-15% condensed hydrocarbon as measured by mass spectroscopy.   
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the composition of matter is characterized by comprising a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins, characterized in that at least 10% of the total % of compounds of the composition are tannins and/or condensed tannins. 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein the composition of matter is characterized by comprising a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins, characterized in that at least 20% of the total % of compounds of the composition are tannins and/or condensed tannins. 
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 3 , wherein biological process is inhibited for a first predetermined time. 
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein the inhibition rate of said at least one biological process in the plant is ceased or reversed after a second predetermined time. 
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein said composition of matter is substantially devoid of at least one transitional metal ion. 
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein said composition of matter is substantially devoid of at least one of ferrous/ferric ions; manganese ions; copper ions; magnesium ions; and zinc ions. 
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the composition of matter inhibits at least one biological process requiring a metal ion or metal ion transport. 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the rate of germination and/or the rate of root development is inhibited for a first predetermined time. 
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11 , wherein the inhibition of the rate of germination and/or the rate of root development is ceased or reversed after a second predetermined time. 
     
     
         13 . A composition of matter comprising a mixture of compounds derived from natural organic matter (NOM) that is substantially devoid of metal ions. 
     
     
         14 . The composition of matter of  claim 13 , wherein the mixture of compounds derived from natural organic matter (NOM) are substantially devoid of transition metal ions. 
     
     
         15 . The composition of matter of  claim 13 , wherein the natural organic matter (NOM) comprises functionality capable of chelating at least one transition metal ion. 
     
     
         16 . The composition of matter of  claim 13 , wherein the natural organic matter (NOM) is partially humified. 
     
     
         17 . The composition of matter of  claim 16 , wherein said composition of matter is characterized by two or more of
 a. a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins;   b. a oxygen-to-carbon ratio for the dissolved organic matter of greater than about 0.5;   c. a total number of tannin compounds greater than about 200, the tannin compounds having a hydrogen to carbon ration of about 0.5 to about 1.4, and an aromaticity index of less than about 0.7 as measured by mass spectroscopy; and   d. a mass distribution of about 55-60% lignin compounds, 27-35% tannin compounds, and about 8-15% condensed hydrocarbon as measured by mass spectroscopy.   
     
     
         18 . The composition of matter of  claim 17 , wherein the composition of matter is characterized by comprising a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins, 
       characterized in that at least 10% of the total % of compounds of the composition are tannins and/or condensed tannins. 
     
     
         19 . The composition of matter of matter of  claim 17 , wherein the composition of matter is characterized by comprising a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins, characterized in that at least 20% of the total % of compounds of the composition are tannins and/or condensed tannins. 
     
     
         20 . The composition of matter of  claim 13 , wherein the natural organic matter (NOM) is metal-free humic acid (HA). 
     
     
         21 . The composition of matter of  claim 13 , wherein the natural organic matter (NOM) is metal free fulvic acid (FA). 
     
     
         22 . A seed contacted with the composition of matter of  claim 13 . 
     
     
         23 . The seed of  claim 22 , further comprising a first coating, the first coating at least partially surrounding said seed. 
     
     
         24 . The seed of  claim 23 , further comprising a second coating, the second coating at least partially surrounding the first coating and comprising a source of at least one metal ion. 
     
     
         25 . The seed of  claim 24 , wherein the first coating and/or the second coating is configured to degrade after said seed is sown. 
     
     
         26 . The seed of  claim 25 , wherein the first coating degrades at a first predetermined time or rate, and the second coating degrades at a second predetermined time or rate. 
     
     
         27 . A granular form contacted with the composition of matter of  claim 13 . 
     
     
         28 . The granular form of  claim 27 , further comprising a first coating, the first coating at least partially surrounding said granular form and comprising a source of at least one metal ion. 
     
     
         29 . The granular form of  claim 28 , further comprising a second coating, the second coating at least partially surrounding the first coating. 
     
     
         30 . The granular form of  claim 29 , wherein the first coating and/or the second coating is configured to degrade after said seed is sown. 
     
     
         31 . The granular form of  claim 30 , wherein the first coating degrades at a first predetermined time or rate, and the second coating degrades at a second predetermined time or rate. 
     
     
         32 . A method of inhibiting the rate of at least one biological process in a seed or plant, the method comprising contacting a part of a seed, a plant, or the locus thereof with a composition of matter, the composition of matter comprising an agriculturally acceptable complex mixture of partially humified natural organic matter (NOM) substantially devoid of one or more metal ions essential for the at least one biological process in the seed or plant,
 wherein the partially humified natural organic matter is characterized by at least two of:
 a. a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons, lignins, and tannins and/or condensed tannins; 
 b. a oxygen-to-carbon ratio for the dissolved organic matter of greater than about 0.5; 
 c. a total number of tannin compounds greater than about 200, the tannin compounds having a hydrogen to carbon ration of about 0.5 to about 1.4, and an aromaticity index of less than about 0.7 as measured by mass spectroscopy; and 
 d. a mass distribution of about 55-60% lignin compounds, 27-35% tannin compounds, and about 8-15% condensed hydrocarbon as measured by mass spectroscopy.

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