Process to obtain liquid hydrocarbons by cleavage of carbon and hydrogen molecules

Abstract

Process to obtain liquid hydrocarbons by cleavage of molecules containing carbon and hydrogen using materials with chemical waste, textile waste, biomass and whatever kind, being the same milled by a reactor and transferred to the reactor, increasing its temperatures to eliminate water, there is application of kinetic energy and friction with selected reactants to cleave the chains and separate the above mentioned elements and restructure the long or short chains to obtain the selected hydrocarbons by distillation and condensation.

1 . Process to obtain liquid hydrocarbons by cleavage of carbon and hydrogen molecules, that comprises a previous stage of filling a facility with starting fluid, loading the facility with the raw material and submitting, in at least one reactor, the mixture of starting fluid and raw material to a first physical/mechanical stage and a second chemical stage. 
     
     
         2 . The process of  claim 1  in which the raw material can be selected from the group consisting of biomass, paper and carton, thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic material, rubbers, textile products, fats and oils, glycerin, fillings in plastics, finishing agents in textiles, kaolin and others in paper and carton, industrial and urban residues. 
     
     
         3 . The process of  claim 1  in which the previous stage of filling the facility takes 12-24 hours before the loading of raw material could begin. 
     
     
         4 . The process of  claim 1  in which the mixture hydrocarbon:starting fluid is in a ratio (100-70):(0-30) %. 
     
     
         5 . The process of  claim 1  in which in the physical/mechanical stage the mixture of starting fluid and raw material is heated until it reaches 200-250° C., it is mixed with cutting agents and neutralizers and raw material is strongly milled and sheared for about 8 to 12 minutes when entering the reactor until it is reduced to the size of colloids (10-30 microns), increasing the temperature of the fluid up to 350-380° C. 
     
     
         6 . The cutting agents of  claim 5  in which they can be selected from the group consisting of zeolites, alumino-silicate clays and silicates. 
     
     
         7 . The process of  claim 1  in which in the chemical stage sodium- or calcium-based zeolites and elements selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium, potassium or magnesium are added as neutralizers taking care that the mixture of hydrocarbons (both solid and liquid) and neutralizers is in the range (65-90):(0-20):(10-15) % respectively and that the temperature of the mixture is under 400° C. 
     
     
         8 . The process of  claim 1  in which the raw material is reduced to a 3 mm particle size before being fed to the facility. 
     
     
         9 . The process of  claim 1  in which the solid humid raw material is submitted to a drying process until it reaches a 10-15% of humidity. 
     
     
         10 . The process of  claim 1  in which the product obtained is automotive gasoil.