Carbon dioxide liquefaction system

Abstract

Systems are disclosed herein for enhancing energy usage while pressurizing a carbonaceous gas. Such systems include a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) liquefaction system. The CO 2 liquefaction system includes a first cooling system capable of cooling a CO 2 gas to liquefy greater than approximately 50 percent of the CO 2 gas. The first cooling system produces a first CO 2 liquid. The CO 2 gas pressure is less than approximately 3450 kilopascals (500 pounds per square inch absolute).

1 . A system, comprising:
 a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) liquefaction system, comprising:
 a first cooling system configured to cool a CO 2  gas to liquefy greater than approximately 50 percent of the CO 2  gas to produce a first CO 2  liquid, wherein the CO 2  gas pressure is less than approximately 3450 kilopascals (500 pounds per square inch absolute). 
   
     
     
         2 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the CO 2  gas pressure is less than approximately 2400 kilopascals (350 pounds per square inch absolute). 
     
     
         3 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first cooling system is configured to cool the CO 2  gas to liquefy greater than approximately 50 percent of the CO 2  gas to produce the first CO 2  liquid. 
     
     
         4 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first cooling system comprises a first cryogenic cooling system. 
     
     
         5 . The system of  claim 4 , wherein the liquefaction system comprises an air separation unit having the first cryogenic cooling system. 
     
     
         6 . The system of  claim 1 , wherein the first cooling system comprises a first refrigeration system. 
     
     
         7 . The system of  claim 1 , comprising a compression system configured to compress a first residual gas from the first cooling system. 
     
     
         8 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the compression system comprises a plurality of compression stages. 
     
     
         9 . The system of  claim 7 , wherein the compression system comprises a residual gas flow path of the first residual gas through a first compressor, a first cooler, a second compressor, and a second cooler. 
     
     
         10 . The system of  claim 9 , comprising a second cooling system configured to cool the first residual gas to liquefy at least part of the first residual gas. 
     
     
         11 . The system of  claim 10 , wherein the first cooling system comprises a first refrigeration system, and the second cooling system comprises a second refrigeration system. 
     
     
         12 . The system of  claim 11 , wherein the first refrigeration system comprises a first refrigeration heat exchanger, a first flash tank, and a first regenerative heat exchanger, wherein the first regenerative heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the CO 2  gas to the first CO 2  liquid to convert the CO 2  gas to a first CO 2  fluid, the first refrigeration heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the first CO 2  fluid to a first refrigerant to convert the first CO 2  fluid to a second CO 2  fluid, the first flash tank is configured to separate the second CO 2  fluid into the first residual gas and the first CO 2  liquid. 
     
     
         13 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the first refrigeration system comprises a first solvent chiller configured to transfer heat from a first solvent to the first CO 2  liquid from the first regenerative heat exchanger. 
     
     
         14 . The system of  claim 12 , wherein the second refrigeration system comprises a second refrigeration heat exchanger, a second flash tank, and a second regenerative heat exchanger, wherein the second regenerative heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the first residual gas to a second CO 2  liquid to convert the first residual gas to a first residual fluid, the second refrigeration heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the first residual fluid to a second refrigerant to convert the first residual fluid to a second residual fluid, the second flash tank is configured to separate the second residual fluid into a second residual gas and the second CO 2  liquid. 
     
     
         15 . A system, comprising:
 an air separation unit comprising a cryogenic cooling system, wherein the air separation unit is configured to separate air into oxygen and nitrogen; and   a liquefaction system configured to cool a carbonaceous gas with the cryogenic cooling system of the air separation unit, wherein the cryogenic cooling system is configured to liquefy at least a first portion of the carbonaceous gas to produce a first carbonaceous liquid.   
     
     
         16 . The system of  claim 15 , comprising a compressor configured to compress the carbonaceous gas, and a pump configured to pump the first carbonaceous liquid. 
     
     
         17 . The system of  claim 15 , comprising a compression system configured to compress a first residual carbonaceous gas, and a refrigeration system configured to cool the first residual carbonaceous gas to liquefy at least part of the first residual carbonaceous gas. 
     
     
         18 . A system, comprising:
 a carbon capture system configured to capture a carbonaceous gas from a synthetic gas; and   a liquefaction system, comprising:
 a first cooling system configured to cool the carbonaceous gas to liquefy at least a first portion of the carbonaceous gas to produce a first carbonaceous liquid and a first residual carbonaceous gas; and 
 a compression system configured to compress the first residual carbonaceous gas. 
   
     
     
         19 . The system of  claim 18 , comprising a second cooling system configured to cool the first residual carbonaceous gas to liquefy at least a second portion of the first residual carbonaceous gas to produce a second carbonaceous liquid and a second residual gas. 
     
     
         20 . The system of  claim 19 , wherein the first cooling system comprises a first refrigeration system, the second cooling system comprises a second refrigeration system, and the first refrigeration system is configured to liquefy at least 75 percent of the carbonaceous gas to produce the first carbonaceous liquid.