Synthesis Of Oxygen Carrying, Turbulence Resistant, High Density Submicron Particulates

Abstract

An artificial oxygen carrier (AOC) for use in the body. A first gas permeable first shell encloses an oxygen carrying agent. The first shell has a second oxygen carrying agent surrounding it, and there is a second gas permeable shell enclosing the second agent. The concentric shells are not subject to turbulent breakup, or chemical decomposition, do not release the agents.

1 . A particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood in a person, the particulate artificial oxygen carrier comprising:
 a nanoparticle of a material that is emulsified and the material can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide alike blood;   a first shell formed around the emulsified nanoparticle that stabilizes the nanoparticle; and   a first coating around the first shell of the emulsified nanoparticle that stops the continued formation of the first shell;   wherein the nanoparticle with a first shell has a higher density than any components of blood, and wherein the first shell permits the emulsified nanoparticle to be continuously circulated in a person's blood in a closed loop circulation system without breaking up and releasing the emulsified material inside the first shell into the blood.   
     
     
         2 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 1  wherein the first shell is made of calcium phosphate. 
     
     
         3 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 2  wherein the emulsified nanoparticle inside the first shell is a perfluorocarbon or polyhemoglobin. 
     
     
         4 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 1  further comprising:
 a new layer of a material that can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide alike blood on the outside of the first shell; 
 a second shell created around the new layer on the outside of the first shell to form a second shell therearound that protects the new layer of material; and 
 a second coating around the second shell that stops the continued formation of the second shell; 
 
     
     
         5 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 4  wherein the second shell is made of calcium phosphate. 
     
     
         6 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 5  wherein the new layer of material comprises polyhemoglobin in polylysine. 
     
     
         7 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 1  wherein lecithin is used to emulsify the nanoparticle of a material inside the first shell. 
     
     
         8 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 4  wherein lecithin is used to emulsify the new layer of material on the outside of the first shell and first coating. 
     
     
         9 . The particulate artificial oxygen carrier of  claim 4  wherein the particulate artificial oxygen carrier is sub-micron sized. 
     
     
         10 . A method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood in a person, the method comprising the steps of:
 emulsifying a first material that can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide alike blood;   forming the emulsified material into nanoparticles; and   coating the nanoparticles with a second material to form a first shell around the nanoparticles, the first shell being permeable to oxygen and carbon dioxide;   wherein the nanoparticles with a first shell have a higher density than any components of blood, and wherein the first shell permits the emulsified nanoparticles to be continuously circulated in a person's blood in a closed loop circulation system without breaking up and releasing the emulsified material inside the first shell into the blood.   
     
     
         11 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 10  further comprising the step of coating the first shell with a third material to stop the growth of the first shell; 
     
     
         12 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 10  further comprising the steps of:
 forming a new layer of a material that can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide alike blood on the outside of the first shell and first material coating; and 
 coating the new layer of material with a second shell to protect the new layer of material. 
 
     
     
         13 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 12  wherein the new layer of material is polyhemoglobin in polylysine that can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide alike blood. 
     
     
         14 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 12  further comprising the step of coating the outside of the second shell with a material to stop the growth of the second shell. 
     
     
         15 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 10  wherein the material coating the nanoparticles to form the first shell is calcium phosphate. 
     
     
         16 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 10  further comprising the step of emulsifying the oxygen carrying first material with lecithin before forming the emulsified material into small particles. 
     
     
         17 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 11  further wherein the step of coating the first shell with a second material to stop the growth of the first shell comprises the step of coating the first shell with carboxyethylphosphonic acid at an appropriate time to stop the growth of the first shell. 
     
     
         18 . The method for making a particulate artificial oxygen carrier for use in place of blood of  claim 13  further comprising the step of emulsifying the oxygen carrying first material with lecithin before forming the emulsified material into small particles. 
     
     
         19 . A method for making a particulate carrier for use in carrying chemical agents such as drugs and imaging tracers through the blood flowing inside a person, the method comprising the steps of:
 emulsifying the chemical agents;   forming the emulsified chemical agents into nanoparticles; and   coating the nanoparticles with a material to form a first shell around the nonoparticles, the first shell being permeable to permit the chemical agents to exit the particulate carrier in a controlled manner;   wherein the nonparticles with a first shell are stable enough that they permit the emulsified particles to be continuously circulated in a person's blood without breaking up and releasing the emulsified chemical materials inside the first shell into the blood.   
     
     
         20 . The method for making a particulate for use in carrying chemical agents through the blood flowing inside a person of  claim 19  further comprising the steps of:
 forming a new layer of a material that can carry such chemical agents on the outside of the first shell; and 
 coating the new layer of material with a material to form a second shell around the new layer of material to protect it from being released into the blood in an uncontrolled manner.