Hydrogen generator

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fuel supply for a fuel cell, the fuel cell including a liquid storage area that includes a liquid reactant, a reaction area that includes a solid reactant, wherein the liquid reactant is pumped into the reaction area such that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components, a product collection area that receives the reaction components, a barrier, and a container with an interior volume that substantially encloses the reaction area, liquid storage area, product collection area. The barrier separates and defines several of the aforementioned areas, and moves to simultaneously increase the product collector area and decrease the liquid storage area as the liquid reactant is pumped from the liquid storage area and the reaction components are transferred into the product collection area.

1 . A fuel supply for a fuel cell, comprising:
 a liquid storage area that includes a liquid reactant;   a reaction area that includes a solid reactant, wherein the liquid reactant is pumped into the reaction area such that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components;   a product collection area that receives the reaction components;   a barrier that separates the liquid storage area from the product collection area and moves to simultaneously increase the product collector area and decrease the liquid storage area as the liquid reactant is pumped from the liquid storage area and the reaction components are transferred into the product collection area; and   a container with an interior volume that substantially encloses the reaction area, liquid storage area, and product collection area.   
     
     
         2 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein the interior volume is substantially occupied by the reaction area, liquid storage area, and product collection area. 
     
     
         3 . The fuel supply of  claim 2 , further comprising a second barrier that encloses the solid reactant, such that the second barrier collapses as reaction components are produced. 
     
     
         4 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein the container includes a product outlet fluidly coupling the interior volume to the exterior of the container. 
     
     
         5 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein the reaction area further includes a biasing mechanism that biases the solid reactant toward the pumped liquid reactant. 
     
     
         6 . The fuel supply of  claim 5 , wherein the biasing mechanism encloses the solid reactant such that the biasing mechanism collapses as the reaction components are produced. 
     
     
         7 . The fuel supply of  claim 6 , wherein the second barrier is an elastic membrane that substantially envelopes the solid reactant. 
     
     
         8 . The fuel supply of  claim 7 , wherein the solid reactant is a compacted pill of sodium borohydride. 
     
     
         9 . The fuel supply of  claim 8 , wherein the liquid reactant is water. 
     
     
         10 . The fuel supply of  claim 5 , wherein the solid reactant includes a reaction product path that moves reaction products to the product collector, wherein the reaction product path is selected from the group consisting of one channel disposed on a surface of the solid reactant, one channel disposed through the solid reactant, one helix channel disposed around the solid reactant, a contained region disposed around the solid reactant, and one conduit abutting the solid reactant. 
     
     
         11 . The fuel supply of  claim 5 , wherein the reaction area is substantially contained in the liquid storage area. 
     
     
         12 . The fuel supply of  claim 11 , wherein the liquid storage area is substantially contained in the product collection area. 
     
     
         13 . The fuel supply of  claim 5  further comprising a liquid dispenser that pumps the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area into the reaction area; wherein the liquid dispenser includes a nozzle through the second barrier through which liquid reactant is pumped into the reaction area. 
     
     
         14 . The fuel supply of  claim 1  that further includes a flexible channel, wherein the product collection area is fluidly coupled to the reaction area by the flexible channel. 
     
     
         15 . The fuel supply of  claim 14 , wherein the reaction components include a liquid component, a solid component, and a gaseous component, wherein the product collection area includes a product filter that adsorbs the liquid and solid components. 
     
     
         16 . The fuel supply of  claim 15 , wherein the product filter comprises of a series of open-cell foams with different pore sizes, wherein the pore sizes of the foams decrease with increasing distance from the flexible channel. 
     
     
         17 . The fuel supply of  claim 16 , wherein the product filter is nylon foam. 
     
     
         18 . The fuel supply of  claim 17 , wherein the product filter further comprises a hydrogen gas separator. 
     
     
         19 . The fuel supply of  claim 18 , wherein the hydrogen gas separator is made of ePTFE. 
     
     
         20 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein the barrier is a bag enclosing the liquid storage area. 
     
     
         21 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel supply further comprises a third barrier that encloses the product collection area, wherein the third barrier expands as the product collector area increases. 
     
     
         22 . The fuel supply of  claim 1  further comprising a liquid dispenser that pumps the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area into the reaction area, such that the liquid reactant reacts with the solid reactant to produce reaction components. 
     
     
         23 . The fuel supply of  claim 22 , wherein the liquid dispenser comprises an inlet fluidly coupled to the liquid storage area, an outlet fluidly coupled to the reaction area, and a surface in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet, wherein the surface moves to pump the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area to the reaction area. 
     
     
         24 . The fuel supply of  claim 23 , wherein the liquid storage area is under vacuum. 
     
     
         25 . The fuel supply of  claim 24 , wherein the liquid dispenser inlet is a tube in the liquid storage area, wherein the tube is fluidly coupled to a flexible plastic thread with a length as long as the longest dimension of the liquid storage area and a diameter substantially smaller than the length of the tube. 
     
     
         26 . The fuel supply of  claim 23 , wherein the surface is a flexible diaphragm that reciprocates to pump the liquid reactant. 
     
     
         27 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein the container is rigid. 
     
     
         28 . The fuel supply of  claim 1 , wherein:
 the fuel supply further comprises a biasing mechanism that substantially envelops the reaction area;   the solid reactant includes a helix channel disposed around the solid reactant that guides the reaction composition to the product collection area;   the liquid dispenser includes an inlet fluidly coupled to the liquid storage area, an outlet fluidly coupled to the reaction area, and a diaphragm in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet, wherein the diaphragm reciprocates to pump the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area to the reaction area; and   the product collection area further includes an open cell foam that significantly adsorbs the reaction components.   
     
     
         29 . The fuel supply of  claim 28 , wherein the fuel supply is coupled to a fuel cell. 
     
     
         30 . A fuel supply for a fuel cell, comprising:
 a container with an internal volume and a product outlet, wherein the container is substantially fluidly sealed except for the product outlet; and   a barrier that substantially divides the internal volume into a first volume and a product collection volume that is fluidly coupled to the first volume, wherein the first volume includes a liquid storage area containing a liquid reactant and a reaction area containing a solid reactant,   a liquid dispenser coupled to the solid reactant and fluidly coupled to the liquid reactant, wherein the liquid dispenser pumps the liquid reactant to the solid reactant surface to produce reaction components that flow into the product collection volume; and   
       wherein the barrier inversely varies the first volume and the product collection volume as the reaction components flow into the product collection volume. 
     
     
         31 . The fuel supply of  claim 30 , wherein the internal volume is defined by the interior walls of the container. 
     
     
         32 . The fuel supply of  claim 30 , wherein a liquid dispenser pumps the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area to the solid reactant surface. 
     
     
         33 . The fuel supply of  claim 32 , wherein the liquid dispenser comprises of an inlet fluidly coupled to the liquid storage area, an outlet fluidly coupled to the reaction area, a diaphragm in fluid communication with the inlet and outlet, wherein the diaphragm reciprocates and pumps the liquid reactant from the liquid storage area to the reaction area. 
     
     
         34 . The fuel supply of  claim 33 , wherein the liquid dispenser further comprises of a first valve fluidly coupled to the inlet and a second valve fluidly coupled to the outlet. 
     
     
         35 . The fuel supply of  claim 30  further comprising a second barrier within the first volume that separates the liquid storage area and the reaction area, wherein the second barrier moves with the first barrier to inversely vary the first volume and the product collection volume as the reaction components flow into the product collection volume. 
     
     
         36 . The fuel supply of  claim 35 , wherein the barrier is a bag enclosing the first volume that collapses as reaction components flow into the product collection volume. 
     
     
         37 . The fuel supply of  claim 30 , wherein the second volume includes a series of open-cell foams with different pore sizes, wherein the pore sizes of the foams decrease with increasing distance from the fluid couple with the first volume. 
     
     
         38 . The fuel supply of  claim 37 , wherein the second volume further includes a hydrogen gas separator fluidly coupled to the product outlet. 
     
     
         39 . The fuel supply of  claim 37 , wherein the foam expands and adsorbs reaction components as the reaction components flow into the product collection volume. 
     
     
         40 . The fuel supply of  claim 37 , wherein the product filter comprises of open-cell foam, wherein the foam pore size is small in the compressed state and expands to a significantly larger pore size in the expanded state.