Rudder for ships

Abstract

The invention relates to a rudder for ships with propeller drive, in which the propeller is arranged to rotate about a propulsion axis, with a rudder blade ( 15 ) and a flow body ( 20 ) arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ), whereby the flow body designed in a bulb or zeppelin shape is arranged as an extension of the propulsion axis in the region of the rudder blade and is designed to self-destruct or self-detach in the event of an increase in the effect of force, blow, impact or pressure.

1 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 ), wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases, wherein the predetermined break-off lines ( 40 ) extend generally along a length or transverse to a longitudinal axis of the flow body ( 20 ). 
     
     
         2 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the predetermined break-off lines ( 40 ) are distributed in a reticulated manner over the flow body ( 20 ). 
     
     
         3 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the flow body ( 20 ) comprises a spherical cap-shaped component ( 55 ) connected solidly or detachably to the rudder blade ( 15 ) and two individual bowl-shaped longitudinal bodies ( 50 ,  51 ) detachably connected by the break-off lines ( 40 ) to outer wall faces ( 15   a ,  15   b ) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the spherical cap-shaped component ( 55 ). 
     
     
         4 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 3 , wherein the flow body ( 20 ) and the bowl-shaped longitudinal bodies ( 50 ,  51 ) are comprised of carbon fiber composite materials, fiber composite materials with embedded graphite fibers, fiberglass, a metal-non-metal mixture, or a synthetic material. 
     
     
         5 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the rudder blade ( 15 ) has a cross-sectional area ( 16 ) with a longitudinal middle line (LM 1 ) that is offset at an angle α to a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ), so that a leading edge stringer strip ( 70 ;  71 ) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) facing the propeller ( 12 ) is not aligned with the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ). 
     
     
         6 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the flow body ( 20 ) comprises a synthetic material. 
     
     
         7 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 6 , wherein the synthetic material is one of the group consisting of polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde and polyacetates. 
     
     
         8 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the predetermined break-off lines ( 40 ) are irregular. 
     
     
         9 . The rudder of  claim 1 , wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ). 
     
     
         10 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 9 , wherein first and second leading edge stringer strips ( 70 ,  71 ) of the upper and lower rudder blade areas (A and B) facing the propeller ( 12 ) are offset to one another such that the first leading edge stringer strip ( 70 ) of the upper rudder blade area (A) is offset to either a port side (P) or a starboard side (S) and the second leading edge stringer strip ( 71 ) of the lower rudder blade (B) is offset to the opposite starboard side (S) or port side (P), whereby outer wall faces ( 15   a ,  15   b ) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are joined in an end strip ( 75 ) facing away from the propeller ( 12 ). 
     
     
         11 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 9 , wherein the upper and lower areas (A and B) have an identical profile. 
     
     
         12 . The rudder as claimed in  claim 9 , wherein the upper and lower areas (A and B) have different profiles. 
     
     
         13 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the break-off lines ( 40 ) extend generally along a length or transverse to a longitudinal axis of the flow body ( 20 ).   
     
     
         14 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the break-off lines ( 40 ) are distributed in a reticulated manner over the flow body ( 20 ).   
     
     
         15 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) comprises a spherical cap-shaped component ( 55 ) connected solidly or detachably to the rudder blade ( 15 ) and two individual bowl-shaped longitudinal bodies ( 50 ,  51 ) detachably connected by the break-off lines ( 40 ) to outer wall faces ( 15   a ,  15   b ) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the spherical cap-shaped component ( 55 ).   
     
     
         16 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (ML 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the longitudinal middle line (LM 1 ) of the upper area A is offset at the angle α to the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and the longitudinal middle line (LM 1 ) of the lower area B is offset at the angle β to the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ), so that a leading edge stringer strips ( 70 ;  71 ) upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) facing the propeller ( 12 ) are not aligned with the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ).   
     
     
         17 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein first and second leading edge stringer strips ( 70 ,  71 ) of the upper and lower rudder blade areas (A and B) facing the propeller ( 12 ) are offset to one another such that the first leading edge stringer strip ( 70 ) of the upper rudder blade area (A) is offset to either a port side (P) or a starboard side (S) and the second leading edge stringer strip ( 71 ) of the lower rudder blade (B) is offset to the opposite starboard side (S) or port side (P), whereby outer wall faces ( 15   a ,  15   b ) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are joined in an end strip ( 75 ) facing away from the propeller ( 12 ).   
     
     
         18 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 );   wherein the break-off lines ( 40 ) extend generally along a length or transverse to a longitudinal axis of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the break-off lines ( 40 ) are irregular.   
     
     
         19 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper area (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the areas (A and B) have identical profiles.   
     
     
         20 . A rudder for ships, comprising a rudder blade ( 15 ), which is associated with a propeller ( 12 ) arranged on a driven propulsion axis, and a flow body ( 20 ) having a bulb-shaped or zeppelin shaped configuration arranged on the rudder blade ( 15 ) as an extension of the propulsion axis in a region of the rudder blade ( 15 );
 wherein the flow body ( 20 ) includes individual sections defined by break-off lines in the flow body ( 20 ), said break-off lines comprising material weaknesses, material reductions, shear lines or perforations in the flow body ( 20 ) whereby the flow body ( 20 ) is self-destructive or self-releasing in the event of a force, a blow, an impact or pressure on the flow body, whereby damage to the rudder blade is reduced or prevented when the flow body ( 20 ) self-destructs or self-releases;   wherein the flow body ( 20 ) divides the rudder blade ( 15 ) into upper and lower areas (A and B) each having a longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) from a front edge thereof to a back edge thereof wherein the longitudinal middle axis lines (LM 1 ) of the upper and lower areas (A and B) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) are not aligned with a middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) and each form an angle therewith, wherein the angle (α) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the upper areas (A) of the rudder blade ( 15 ) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ) is different from the angle (β) between the longitudinal middle axis line (LM 1 ) of the lower area (B) and the middle line (ML) of the flow body ( 20 ); and   wherein the upper and lower areas (A and B) have different profiles.