Functional System for a Cement Mortar Panel with Prestressed Biaxial Reinforcement

Abstract

This functional system for a cement mortar panel ( 102, 135, 160, 196, 216 ) with prestressed biaxial reinforcement ( 136, 161 ) consists concretely of a system contributing to the physical and formal and to the handling and use in conditions of maximum safety and efficiency of a panel ( 102, 135, 160, 196, 216 ) of the type prefabricated with cement mortar having prestressed biaxial reinforcement ( 136, 161 ) in which the cement mortar panel has embedded in the mass thereof versatile operating means ( 100, 157, 171, 175, 196, 217 ) on the panel ensemble ( 102, 135, 160, 196, 216 ) allowing for the handling and/or fixing thereof to suspension means to the structure of a building, of means controlling seismic phenomena and the settling movements of the building, means reducing damp inside the building and means reducing the infiltration of damp inside the panel.

1 . A functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement, suitable for closing the openings in a building structure, which delimit the patios of said building and which is formed by a cement mortar panel, said panel, having a thickness of from 2 to 7 cms, includes a prestressed biaxial reinforcement ( 136 ,  161 ) which is formed by two series of prestressed cables ( 105 ) or rods, which are mutually parallel and equidistant within one same series and said series cross each other orthogonally without being fixedly attached to one another to form a grid, characterized in that the cement mortar panel has embedded in the mass thereof versatile operating means ( 100 ,  157 ,  171 ,  175 ) on the panel ensemble ( 102 ,  135 ,  160 ,  181 ,  196 ,  216 ) allowing the handling and/or attachment of said panel ( 102 ,  135 ,  160 ,  181 ,  196 ,  216 ) to suspension means ( 127 ,  137 ,  210 ,  224 ) to the structure of a building, to means controlling seismic phenomena and the settling movements of the building, to means for reducing damp inside the building and to means reducing the infiltration of damp inside the panel. 
     
     
         2 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 1 , characterized in that the versatile operating means on the panel ensemble ( 102 ) is constituted by an oblong body formed by a thick flat bar which, in omega shape, forms a central rectangular arch ( 111 ) which is flanked by two lateral arms ( 112 ), which are symmetrical relative to said central rectangular arch ( 111 ) and mutually coplanar and form the main retaining means ( 106 ) of said body within the mortar, the central portion of said central rectangular arch ( 111 ) having a threaded through hole ( 114 ) for the sequential insertion of the handling means ( 108 ) and the anchoring means ( 107 ) and a dimension of the ensemble such as to allow said lateral arms ( 112 ) to be able to be located in the medial internal region of said panel ( 102 ) in which said biaxial reinforcement ( 136 ,  161 ) is located. 
     
     
         3 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 2 , in which having a metallic structure formed by vertical upright profiles ( 130 ) and horizontal cross-member profiles ( 128 ), which, having the purpose of facilitating the suspension of architectural panels in buildings having a reinforced concrete structure, is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of clamps ( 129 ) which, provided with stable fixing means ( 140 ) to the edges ( 132 ) of the floor structure slabs ( 133 ) of a reinforced concrete structure, are disposed individually, in vertical alignment in said edges ( 132 ) to form coaxially vertical guide rows for housing and retaining the upright profiles ( 130 ) which are connected together by cross-members ( 128 ) on which said suspension means ( 137 ) provided on the backs of the architectural panels are seated and attached. 
     
     
         4 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 3 , characterized in that said clamps ( 129 ) are formed by a quadrangular bushing ( 142 ) or ring having coplanar to one of the faces thereof two lugs ( 141 ), which configure it in a bridge-like fashion, as fixing means of said bushing ( 142 ) to said edge ( 132 ) of the floor structure slab ( 133 ) in a position appropriate for the vertical passage of the upright profiles ( 130 ), said clamps ( 129 ) including means for anchoring the bushing ( 142 ) to said edge ( 132 ) of the building floor structure slab ( 133 ), at the same time as the front face of said bushing ( 142 ), being the one found in position opposite to the seating surface of said bushing ( 142 ) on said edge ( 132 ) of the floor structure slab ( 133 ), has a vertical elongated hole ( 145 ) 
     
     
         5 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 4 , characterized in that the clamps ( 129 ) are formed by a folded flat bar portion which, forming a rectangular arch, extends orthogonally at both free ends thereof in two coplanar symmetrical lugs ( 141 ) forming the horizontal fixing means of the bushing ( 142 ) to the edge of the building floor structure slab. 
     
     
         6 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 1 , applied to prefabricated bidirectionally prestressed cement mortar façade panels in concrete structures, in which the closing structure comprises a first horizontal metal profile ( 151 ) fixed longitudinally with a slight overhang on the free façade edge of the floor structure slab ( 149 ) with the insertion of a flexible impermeable sheet ( 150 ) covering the thickness of the floor structure slab ( 149 ) and a second metal profile ( 152 ) being the same as said first horizontal metal profile, longitudinally fixed with a slight overhang under said free façade edge of the floor structure slab ( 149 ) as a mirror image of said first horizontal metal profile ( 151 ), said first and second metal profiles ( 151 ,  152 ) of two adjacent floor structure slabs ( 133 ) being connected together by upright metal profiles ( 153 ), regularly spaced apart and anchored to said profiles ( 151 ,  152 ), characterized in that said upright metal profiles ( 153 ) are rigidly fixed at the bottom ends thereof to said first horizontal metal profile ( 151 ) mounted on the floor structure slab by screws, while the attachment of said upright metal profiles ( 153 ) to said upper horizontal metal profile ( 152 ) is effected, in a limited loose-fitting fashion, in such a way that it is horizontally and vertically slidable and is made by way of a fastening member ( 156 ) of the group formed by self-tapping screws, rivets and nut and bolt systems, fixed to the upper end of said upright metal profile ( 153 ) through vertical elongated holes ( 155 ) formed in said upper horizontal metal profile ( 152 ) and press fitted by the head of said fastening member ( 156 ) in said upper horizontal metal profile ( 152 ), said holes being of a greater width than the diameter of the fastening member and of a length equal to the safety margin contemplated for the settling of the floor structure slabs of the concrete structure of the building. 
     
     
         7 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 6 , characterized in that the length L of said vertical elongated holes ( 155 ) provided in the side portions ( 152 B) of said upper horizontal metal profiles ( 152 ) is the same as or greater than the distance D provided between the upper ends of the upright metal profiles ( 153 ) and the base wall of said upper horizontal metal profile ( 152 ). 
     
     
         8 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 1 , which is applicable to the case in which the versatile operating means on the panel ensemble ( 160 ) is formed by plugs ( 157 ,  171 ,  175 ) formed by a short, thick body ( 158 ,  173 ,  177 ), characterized in that the lateral region of said short, thick body ( 158 ,  173 ,  177 ) is provided with irregularities ( 174 ,  178 ) increasing the extent of the side surface ( 172 ,  176 ) of said lateral region and the distance to be covered over said side surface ( 172 ,  176 ) by any damp which may infiltrate in the space which may have formed between said body ( 158 ,  173 ,  177 ) and the cement mortar of said panel ( 160 ) in which it is inserted as a result of thermal expansion and/or contraction. 
     
     
         9 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 8 , characterized in that the short, thick body ( 158 ,  173 ,  177 ) basically has a configuration in the lateral region thereof of the group formed by conical surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, oval surfaces and prismatic surfaces. 
     
     
         10 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 8 , characterized in that said surface irregularities in the lateral region of the short, thick body ( 173 ) of said plugs ( 171 ) are formed by reliefs ( 174 ) projecting from said side surface ( 172 ). 
     
     
         11 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 8 , characterized in that the surface irregularities in the lateral region of the short, thick body ( 177 ) of said plugs ( 175 ) are formed by recesses ( 178 ) below said side surface ( 172 ). 
     
     
         12 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 10 , characterized in that the reliefs of said surface irregularities ( 174 ,  178 ) on the lateral region of the short, thick body ( 173 ,  177 ) of the plugs have an annular configuration and are contained in mutually parallel planes perpendicular to the axis of the short, thick body ( 173 ,  177 ) of said plug ( 171 ,  175 ). 
     
     
         13 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 10 , characterized in that reliefs of said surface irregularities ( 174 ,  178 ) on the lateral region of the short, thick body ( 158 ,  173 ,  177 ) of said plugs ( 171 ,  175 ) follow helical paths with a direction of minimum damp flow. 
     
     
         14 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 8 , characterized in that the external contact line between said plug ( 157 ,  171 ,  175 ) and the cement mortar may be covered and closed with a washer ( 180 ) constituting a sealing joint arrangement. 
     
     
         15 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 1 , which is particularly applicable to a wall for buildings having ecological features, in which the façades of said buildings are of the type preferably formed by prefabricated cement mortar panels ( 181 ) having a thickness of about 3 cms which are fixed to a completely metallic independent structure ( 182 ) or a metallic structure ( 182 ) associated with a reinforced concrete structure ( 183 ) and which form between said panels ( 181 ) and metallic structure ( 182 ,  183 ) a ventilated chamber ( 184 ), characterized in that said façade support structure ( 182 ,  183 ), being it metallic or mixed, has the front surface thereof, which is the one comprised inside said ventilated chamber and facing the back of the prefabricated façade panels ( 181 ) forming said ventilated chamber ( 184 ), completely covered by a breathable sheet ( 185 ), said sheet ( 185 ) being breathable only with respect to the air and damp inside the building and exclusively in one sole direction from the inside of the building towards said ventilated chamber ( 184 ). 
     
     
         16 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 15 , characterized in that on the rear surface of the support structure ( 182 ,  183 ), which is the one opposite the front surface of said structure ( 182 ,  183 ) containing said breathable sheet, there is abutted a water-repellent breathable board ( 188 ), which is provided with a layer of foam mortar ( 189 ), also breathable, projected on said abutment surface towards said rear surface of the structure. 
     
     
         17 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 15 , characterized in that a water-repellent board ( 188 ), having one of the faces thereof covered with a projected layer of foam mortar ( 189 ), is abutted by said covered face against the rear surface of said support structure ( 182 ), said rear surface being the one opposite the front face which is covered by said breathable sheet ( 185 ). 
     
     
         18 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 15 , characterized in that on the face of said water-repellent board ( 188 ) not having the projected layer of foam mortar ( 189 ), there is abutted a support frame ( 190 ) which, formed by two horizontal “U”-shaped profiles and two vertical “C”-shaped profiles, houses a blanket ( 192 ) of insulating material and which is optionally provided in the uprights thereof with holes for the passage of cables and pipes. 
     
     
         19 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 18 , characterized in that abutting the face of the “U” and “C”-shaped profile frame ( 189 ) opposite to the face to which there is abutted the water-repellant breathable board ( 188 ), there is an assembly of two plasterboards ( 193 ,  194 ) abutted face-to-face, of which the board ( 194 ) closer to the building interior is covered with a layer of breathable paint ( 195 ). 
     
     
         20 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 18 , characterized in that said blanket ( 192 ) of insulating material consists of a self-supporting semi-rigid material and is disposed between the water-repellant breathable board ( 188 ) and the assembly of plasterboards ( 193 ,  194 ), possibly without the support of said metal profile frame ( 189 ). 
     
     
         21 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 16 , characterized in that said layer of breathable foam mortar ( 189 ) is configured by materials of the group formed by cellulose fibers, rock wool, fiberglass and synthetic fibers. 
     
     
         22 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 1 , concretely an anti-seismic device, which is specially applicable in the case in which the prefabricated panels closing the structure ( 197 ) of a building are placed against said structure ( 197 ) by means of a plurality of fixing members formed by a threaded rod ( 200 ) which engages, at one end, in the threaded through hole ( 114 ) of a versatile plug ( 198 ,  198 A,  217 ) embedded in said panel ( 196 ,  216 ) and is fixed to said panel ( 196 ,  216 ) by a nut ( 201 ,  220 ), at the same time as, at the other end, there is fixed thereto by corresponding nuts ( 202 ,  221 ) and locknuts ( 203 ,  222 ) a polygonal seating plate ( 209 ,  223 ) which fits at one of the edges thereof in a channel ( 210 ,  224 ) of a support profile ( 211 ,  225 ) fixedly attached to said building structure ( 197 ), characterized in that it consists of locking means ( 212 ,  226 ) which removably stabilizes the seating of said polygonal seating plate ( 209 ,  223 ) in the channel ( 210 ,  224 ) of said support profile ( 211 ,  225 ) fixedly attached to said building structure ( 197 ). 
     
     
         23 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 22 , characterized in that said locking means ( 212 ) is formed by a retaining profile ( 213 ) which being fixedly and removably attached in cantilever fashion to the building structure, has at the free end thereof a resiliently flexible inverted channel ( 214 ) for engaging one side of said polygonal seating plate ( 209 ) opposite to the side with which it is engaged in said channel ( 210 ) of the support profile fixedly attached to said building structure ( 197 ) to stabilize the seating of said polygonal seating plate ( 209 ). 
     
     
         24 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 22 , characterized in that said polygonal seating plate ( 209 ) has abutting the face thereof facing the support structure ( 197 ) and suspended on the upper edge thereof astride said upper edge, locking means ( 226 ) formed by a metal plate piece ( 227 ) having, in the centre thereof, a window ( 228 ) through which there freely extends the fixing locknut ( 222 ) of said polygonal seating plate ( 209 ) and a lower end which is bent into a perpendicular tab ( 229 ) which, on the one hand, seats on the upper face of a horizontal portion of the angular support profile ( 225 ) fixedly attached to said structure ( 197 ) and, on the other hand, is fixedly attached through said horizontal portion of the angular support profile ( 225 ) to a rigidifying profile ( 232 ) for said profile ( 225 ) which is snugly fitted between the channel of said angular support profile ( 225 ) and a vertical portion of said profile ( 225 ) fixedly attached to the support structure ( 197 ). 
     
     
         25 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 24 , characterized in that the window ( 228 ) of said metal sheet piece ( 227 ) has dimensions such allowing said positional fixing locknut ( 222 ) of said polygonal seating plate ( 223 ) to project therethrough and the rotation of the locknut ( 222 ) when handling it to fix the position of said polygonal seating plate ( 223 ). 
     
     
         26 . The functional system for a cement mortar panel with prestressed biaxial reinforcement of  claim 24 , characterized in that the rigidifying profile ( 232 ) has a rectangular rightangled tubular configuration and has a length such that allows an indefinite length of the angular support profile ( 225 ) of the group formed by the whole of said length or a plurality of regularly spaced apart independent portions thereof to be occupied.