Explosive complexes

Abstract

Lead-free primary explosives of the formula [M II (A) R (B X ) S ](C Y ) T , where A is 1,5-diaminotetrazole, and syntheses thereof are described. Substantially stoichiometric equivalents of the reactants lead to high yields of pure compositions thereby avoiding dangerous purification steps.

1 . A compound of formula [M II (A) R (B X ) S ](C Y ) T  wherein
 M is selected from the group consisting of
 (1) cobalt, 
 (2) copper, 
 (3) iron, 
 (4) manganese, 
 (5) nickel, and 
 (6) zinc; 
   A is DAT;   B is selected from the group consisting of
 (1) H 2 O, 
 (2) AT, 
 (3) AT − , 
 (4) NT − , 
 (5) DNT − , 
 (6) ANT − , 
 (7) N 3   − , and 
 (8) NO 3   − ; 
   C is selected from the group consisting of
 (1) AT − , 
 (2) ANT − , 
 (3) DNT − , 
 (4) NO 3   − , 
 (5) N 3   − , 
 (6) NT − , 
 (7) ClO 4   − , 
 (8) TAB − , 
 (9) DN − , 
 (10) NF − , 
 (11) DAAT 2− , 
 (12) DNAT 2− , 
 (13) TNBI 2− , and 
 (14) AZT 2− ; 
   R is 5 or 6;   S is 0 or 1;   T is 1 or 2;   X is 0 or −1;   Y is −1 or −2;   X+Y=−2; and   R+S=6.   
     
     
         2 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein R is 6. 
     
     
         3 . The compound of  claim 2  wherein M is iron. 
     
     
         4 . The compound of  claim 3  wherein C is NT. 
     
     
         5 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein R is 5. 
     
     
         6 . The compound of  claim 1  wherein M is iron. 
     
     
         7 . The compound of  claim 6  wherein R is 6. 
     
     
         8 . A process for preparing a compound according to the reaction [M II (H 2 O) 6 ]D 2 +R(A)+S(B X )+T(C Y )→[M II (A) R (B X ) S ](C Y ) T  wherein
 M is selected from the group consisting of
 (1) cobalt, 
 (2) copper, 
 (3) iron, 
 (4) manganese, 
 (5) nickel, and 
 (6) zinc; 
 
 A is DAT; 
 B is selected from the group consisting of
 (1) H 2 O, 
 (2) AT, 
 (3) AT − , 
 (4) NT − , 
 (5) DNT − , 
 (6) ANT − , 
 (7) N 3   − , and 
 (8) NO 3   − ; 
 
 C is selected from the group consisting of
 (1) AT − , 
 (2) ANT − , 
 (3) DNT − , 
 (4) NO 3   − , 
 (5) N 3   − , 
 (6) NT − , 
 (7) ClO 4   − , 
 (8) TAB − , 
 (9) DN − , 
 (10) NF − , 
 (11) DAAT 2− , 
 (12) DNAT 2− , 
 (13) TNBI 2− , and 
 (14) AZT 2− ; 
 
 D is selected from the group consisting of 
 (1) ClO 4   − ,
 (2) NO 3   − , and 
 (3) Cl − ; 
 
 R is 5 or 6; 
 S is 0 or 1; 
 T is 1 or 2; 
 X is 0 or −1; 
 Y is −1 or −2; 
 X+Y=−2; and 
 R+S=6 
 
       as follows:
 (1) mixing a chosen quantity of a metal salt [M II (H 2 O) 6 ]D 2  and R molar equivalents of A in a suitable solvent, thereby forming a first solution; 
 (2) heating said first solution at a time and temperature suitable for the color of said first solution to change; 
 (3) adding S molar equivalents of B X  to said first solution, thereby forming a second solution; 
 (4) heating said second solution at a time and temperature suitable for generating a third solution containing a cationic complex; 
 (5) adding T molar equivalents of C Y  to said third solution containing said cationic complex at a time and temperature suitable to form said compound; 
 (6) cooling said third solution to room temperature; and 
 (7) separating said compound from said third solution. 
 
     
     
         9 . The process of  claim 8  wherein R is 6. 
     
     
         10 . The process of  claim 9  wherein M is iron. 
     
     
         11 . The process of  claim 8  wherein R is 5. 
     
     
         12 . The process of  claim 8  wherein M is iron. 
     
     
         13 . The process of  claim 8  wherein said suitable solvent is an ethanolic solvent. 
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 13  wherein said second solution is heated in step  4  to reflux for between 2 to 3 hours or until clear and colorless. 
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 14  wherein said third solution is cooled to around 40° C. with gentle stirring and then cooled to room temperature undisturbed.