Reinforcement and/or anchor bolt

Abstract

With a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt ( 1 ) that can be used in mining and/or tunnel construction and that is to be screwed into bedrock ( 7 ), and that includes a bolt head ( 2 ), a bolt end ( 3 ), a bolt shaft ( 4 ) and a thread ( 5 ) that is at least partially configured on the bolt shaft ( 4 ), the objective is to attach the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt ( 1 ) inexpensively and reliably to the bedrock ( 7 ) with little technical effort. A ratio of the length of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt ( 1 ) to the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt ( 1 ) is greater than 20.

1 . A reinforcement and/or anchor bolt usable in mining and/or tunnel construction and screwable into bedrock, comprising:
 a bolt head;   a bolt end;   a bolt shaft; and   a thread at least partially configured on the bolt shaft, a ratio of the length of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt to an outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt being greater than 20.   
     
     
         2 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the ratio of the length of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt to the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is between 20 and 150. 
     
     
         3 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the ratio of the length of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt to the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is between 30 and 120. 
     
     
         4 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the ratio of the length of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt to the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is between 40 and 100. 
     
     
         5 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein a pitch of the thread corresponds to a product of the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt and of a factor between 0.2 and 1.2. 
     
     
         6 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein a pitch of the thread corresponds to a product of the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt and of a factor between 0.4 and 0.9. 
     
     
         7 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the thread is configured on the bolt shaft between the bolt head and the bolt end only in an area of the bolt end on the bolt shaft, the thread being configured on the bolt end only at a distance from the bolt end of less than 80% of the length of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt. 
     
     
         8 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 7  wherein a core diameter of the bolt shaft without the thread in the area of the bolt head is smaller by less than 15% than a core diameter of the bolt shaft with the thread in the area of the bolt end. 
     
     
         9 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein a ratio of an outer diameter to a core diameter of the bolt shaft is between 0.8 and 1.6 and/or the ratio of the outer diameter to the pitch of the thread is between 1.0 and 3.0 and/or a flank angle is in the range from 50° to 90°. 
     
     
         10 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the bolt end is configured as a conical tip. 
     
     
         11 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 10  wherein the conical tip is made at least partially of a material different from a further material of a rest of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt. 
     
     
         12 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is made at least partially of metal or fiber-reinforced plastic. 
     
     
         13 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the bolt shaft has a hollow cross section. 
     
     
         14 . The reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  wherein the bolt shaft has a solid cross section. 
     
     
         15 . A method for reinforcing and/or anchoring bedrock in mining and/or tunnel construction comprising:
 drilling a bore hole into the bedrock;   inserting a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  into the bedrock by screwing the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt into the bore hole, so that the bedrock is reinforced and/or an anchor is attached to the bedrock.   
     
     
         16 . The method as recited in  claim 15  wherein the thread of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt cuts its way into the bedrock when the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is screwed in and a positive connection is created between the thread and the bedrock, and/or a bore hole is drilled whose diameter is smaller by at least 10% than the outer diameter of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt, and/or a bore hole having a constant diameter is drilled and a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is provided so that the pitch of the thread is between 0.3 and 1.5 times the diameter of the bore hole, and/or a bore hole is drilled and a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is provided so that the core diameter of the thread is smaller by less than 15% than the diameter of the bore hole, and/or a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is provided so that the flank angle of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt is calculated according to the formula ((compressive strength of the rock—145)/−1.5)±10° when the compressive strength of the bedrock is between 10 and 100 mPa, and the flank angle is 30°±10° when the compressive strength of the bedrock is more than 100 mPa. 
     
     
         17 . The method as recited in  claim 15  wherein the bore hole is drilled with a varying diameter so that the bore hole has a diameter in an inner bore hole section that is smaller, by less than 2%, than the diameter in an outer bore hole section. 
     
     
         18 . The method as recited in  claim 15  wherein after the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt has been screwed completely into the bore hole, a section of the bolt shaft provided with the thread is essentially situated in the inner bore hole section and a further section of the bolt shaft without the thread is situated in the outer bore hole section. 
     
     
         19 . The method as recited in  claim 15  wherein after the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt has been screwed completely into the bore hole, a ratio of the anchoring depth of the reinforcement and/or anchor bolt to the diameter of the bore hole is between 20 and 150. 
     
     
         20 . A method for placing a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt during mining and/or tunnel construction for reinforcing bedrock and/or for anchoring, comprising:
 placing a reinforcement and/or anchor bolt as recited in  claim 1  into bedrock.