Rotary vane machine

Abstract

The invention can be used in rotary vane pumps, hydraulic motors, hydrostatic differential gears and transmissions with high efficiency and at a high pressure. The inventive rotary vane machine is provided, in each power variable length chamber ( 7 ), with means which are used for insulating the power cavity thereof ( 8 ) and comprise at least two movable elements ( 9 ), which are arranged in such a way that sliding insulation contacts are formed between the insulation surface of one of the movable elements and the insulation surface of one part of an adaptive unit, between the insulation surface of the other movable element and the insulation surface of the other part of the adaptive unit and between the insulation surfaces of the movable elements ( 9 ). At least in one of said contacts, the two insulation surfaces are embodied cylindrical, and, at least in one contact, they are spherical, and at least in one of the remaining contacts, the two insulation surfaces are flat or spherical. Said invention makes it possible to improve the insulation of the working chamber and the variable-length power chambers within the extended range of deformations and tolerances and to increase performance characteristics at a high pressure.

1 . A rotor vane machine consisting of two units, namely a housing and a rotor, installed with the possibility of reciprocal rotation, wherein the housing with an inlet and outlet ports contains a supporting part of the housing and a working part of the housing with a forward transfer limiter and a backward transfer limiter while the rotor includes a supporting part of the rotor and a working part of the rotor with an annular groove on the working face surface, wherein the annular groove being connected to vane chambers enclosing vanes installed with the possibility of varying the degree of extension into the annular groove; the working and supporting parts of one unit are located between the working and supporting parts of another unit joined by a connecting part, wherein the supporting part of the housing is contacting the supporting part of the rotor while the working part of the housing having a sliding contact with the working part of the rotor insulates the working chamber in the annular groove; the working chamber being divided by the backward transfer limiter and the forward transfer limiter having a sliding insulating contact with the vanes into an inlet cavity of the working chamber hydraulically connected to the inlet port and an outlet cavity of the working chamber hydraulically connected to the outlet port; wherein at least one of the units is adaptive, that is it includes force chambers of variable length kinematically connecting the working and supporting parts of the adaptive unit with the possibility of their reciprocal axial movements and tilts at least sufficient to ensure the sliding insulating contact between the working parts of both units of the rotor vane machine during their reciprocal rotation, while every force chamber of variable length includes a load-bearing cavity hydraulically connected to the working chamber and means of its insulation; wherein variation of the length of these force chambers results in the reciprocal movements of the working and supporting parts of the unit while the forces of pressure of the working fluid in the load-bearing cavities are directed to expand the force chambers of variable length and to bring together the working part of the housing and the working part of the rotor, wherein in every force chamber of variable length the means of insulation of its load-bearing cavity include at least two moving elements installed with formation of sliding insulating contacts between the following pairs of surfaces: between the insulating surface of one moving element and the insulating surface of one part of the adaptive unit, between the insulating surface of another moving element and the insulating surface of another part of the adaptive unit as well as between the insulating surfaces of the moving elements; wherein at least in one of the contacts both insulating surfaces are cylindrical and at least in one of them they are spherical and at least in one of the other contacts both insulating surface are flat or spherical. 
     
     
         2 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein the said insulating surfaces between the supporting part of the adaptive unit and the moving elements of the means of insulation of the load-bearing cavities are cylindrical. 
     
     
         3 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein a connecting part joins the working and supporting parts of the adaptive unit and between them the working and supporting parts of another unit are located while the said cylindrical insulating surfaces are made between the connecting part of the adaptive unit and the moving elements of the means of insulation of the load-bearing cavities. 
     
     
         4 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein the shapes, sizes and location of the load-bearing cavities are chosen so that the pressure forces of the working fluid in the force chambers pressing the working part of the rotor to the working part of the housing exceed the forces of the working fluid pressure in the working chamber pushing the working part of the rotor away from the working part of the housing by the set value, preferably small. 
     
     
         5 . The machine according to  claim 4  wherein the overall area of sections of the load-bearing cavities by the plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor rotation exceeds the area of projection of the annular groove to the same plane at least by 50% of the area of projection of the sliding insulating contact of the working part of the rotor with the working part of the housing to the said plane. 
     
     
         6 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein the force chambers include elastic elements pressing the working part of the rotor to the working part of the housing at no pressure while the shapes, sizes and location of the load-bearing cavities are chosen so that the sum of elastic forces of these elastic elements and the forces of the working fluid pressure in the force chambers pressing the working part of the rotor to the working part of the housing exceeds the sum of the pressure forces of the working fluid in the working chamber pushing the working part of the rotor away from the working part of the housing and the friction forces in these rotor elements preventing the working part of the rotor from approaching the working part of the housing by the set value, preferably small. 
     
     
         7 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein in every pair of the contact spherical insulating surfaces and in every pair of the contact flat insulating surfaces the shapes and sizes of the said pairs of insulating surfaces are chosen so that the projections of the forces of the working fluid pressure pressing these surfaces together exceed the projections of the counter forces of the working fluid pressure pushing them away by the set value, preferably small. 
     
     
         8 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein in every pair of the contact insulating surfaces the area of one insulating surface exceeds the area of the other insulating surface so that every section of the surface of the smaller area keeps the sliding insulating contact with the surface of the larger area at any angle of the rotor rotation throughout the whole range of reciprocal displacements of the working and supporting parts of the rotor. 
     
     
         9 . The machine according to  claim 7  wherein for every pair of the insulating surfaces the area of the cross section of the load-bearing cavity by the plane passing through the internal boundary of the sliding insulating contact of these surfaces is chosen to be less than the area of the cross section of the cylindrical insulating surfaces of the load-bearing cavity by at least 50% of the area of projection of the said sliding insulating contact to the said plane. 
     
     
         10 . The machine according to  claims 1 - 9  wherein the working and supporting parts of the housing are located between the working and supporting parts of the rotor that includes a connecting part of the rotor while at least one of the parts of the rotor is installed with the possibility of axial displacements and tilts relative to the connecting part while the force chambers of variable length are made between this part of the rotor and the connecting part of the rotor and kinematically connect this part of the rotor to the connecting part, wherein the surfaces of the sliding insulating contact between the connecting part of the rotor and the moving element are cylindrical. 
     
     
         11 . The machine according to  claims 1 - 9  wherein the force chambers of variable length are made between the supporting part of the housing and the working part of the housing joined into an operational unit of the housing located between the working and supporting parts of the rotor joined by the connecting part of the rotor. 
     
     
         12 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein at least one part of the hosing includes: the functional element having a sliding insulating contact with the respective part of the rotor, the load-bearing element of this part of the housing and at least one antideformation chamber located between the functional and load-bearing elements hydraulically connected to the working chamber; wherein the number, location and shape of the antideformation chambers are chosen so that the resultant of the fluid pressure forces acting on the internal functional element of this part of the housing from the side of the rotor and the fluid pressure forces acting from the side of the antideformation chambers does not exceed the set value, preferably small. 
     
     
         13 . The machine according to  claim 12  wherein the rotor unit is made adaptive while the unit of the housing is made with the possibility of changing the angle of the reciprocal tilt of the axes of rotation of the supporting and working parts of the rotor; wherein the antideformation chamber contains the antideformation cavity of variable length and means of its insulation including, at least, two moving elements installed with formation of sliding insulating contacts between the following pairs of the surfaces: the insulating surface of one of the moving elements and the insulating surface of the functional element of the part of the housing, the insulating surface of another moving element and the insulating surface of the load-bearing element of the part of the housing and between the insulating surfaces of the moving elements, and at least in one of the contacts both insulating surfaces are cylindrical and at least in one of them they are spherical while in the other said contacts the shapes of the pairs of the contact surfaces are chosen so as to preserve the said sliding insulating contact at the said variation of the angle of the reciprocal tilt. 
     
     
         14 . The machine according to  claim 1  wherein the working and supporting parts of the housing are joined into an operational unit of the housing and are located between the working and supporting parts of the rotor that includes a connecting part of the rotor, and between the supporting part of the rotor and the supporting part of the housing there are supporting cavities located opposite the annular groove and hydraulically connected to it so that the pressure in every supporting cavity equals the pressure in the opposite working cavity of the working chamber in the annular groove while the number, shapes and sizes of the supporting cavities are chosen so that the resultant of the pressure forces acting on the working part of the housing from the side of the working part of the rotor should not exceed the set value, preferably small. 
     
     
         15 . The machine according to  claim 14  wherein the rotor unit is adaptive while the operational unit of the housing is made with the possibility of varying the angle of reciprocal tilt of the supporting and working parts of the housing and includes at least one antideformation chamber located between the working and supporting parts of the operational unit of the housing and hydraulically connected to the working chamber, wherein the number, location, sizes and shape of the antideformation chambers are chosen so that for each part of the operational unit of the housing the resultant of the fluid pressure forces acting on it from the side of the respective part of the rotor and the fluid pressure forces acting from the side of the antideformation chambers should not exceed the set value, preferably small; wherein the antideformation chamber contains an antideformation cavity of variable length and means of its insulation including at least two moving elements installed with formation of sliding insulating contacts between the following pairs of the surfaces: the insulating surface of one of the moving elements and the insulating surface of the working part of the housing, the insulating surface of another moving element and the insulating surface of the supporting part of the housing and between the insulating surfaces of the moving elements, wherein at least in one of the contacts both insulating surfaces are made cylindrical and at least in one of them they are spherical while in the other said contacts the shapes of the pairs of the contact surfaces are chosen so as to preserve the sliding insulating contact at the said variation of the angle of the reciprocal tilt. 
     
     
         16 . The machine according to  claim 13  or  15  wherein at least in one of the said contacts both insulating surfaces are made flat. 
     
     
         17 . The machine according to  claim 13  or  15  wherein at least in two said contacts the insulating surfaces are made spherical.