Methods and compositions to improve germ cell and embryo survival and function

Abstract

Sperm, oocyte, and embryo survival and function is improved in vivo or in vitro by the use of a polysaccharide containing arabinose, galactose and/or hexuronic acid. In particular, a nonspermicidal lubricant containing such a polysaccharide (e.g., gum arabic, pectin, or galacturonic acid) increases the fertilization potential of the sperm during coitus, artificial insemination or sperm collection. Similarly, a freezing medium containing a polysaccharide containing arabinose, galactose and/or hexuronic acid enhances sperm, oocyte, or embryo viability.

1 . A method for isolation of sperm with improved function, comprising:
 (a) contacting a sample containing sperm with a solution comprising a polysaccharide containing arabinose, galactose and/or hexuronic acid (PCAGH) to form a mixture, wherein the PCAGH is not arabinogalactan; and   (b) subjecting the mixture in step (a) to a condition sufficient to separate sperm from the sample, thereby isolating sperm with improved function.   
     
     
         2 . A method for washing sperm to obtain sperm with increased function, comprising contacting a sample containing sperm with a solution comprising a PCAGH, wherein the PCAGH is not arabinogalactan, and removing the solution, thereby obtaining sperm with increased function. 
     
     
         3 . A method for extending sperm to obtain sperm with increased function, comprising contacting a sample containing sperm with a solution comprising a PCAGH, thereby obtaining sperm with increased function. 
     
     
         4 .- 6 . (canceled) 
     
     
         7 . An extending or culture medium comprising a PCAGH in a solution at a concentration sufficient to improve sperm, oocyte, embryo, or embryonic stem cell (ESC) function. 
     
     
         8 . A nonspermicidal lubricant for improving post-ejaculatory sperm function in an animal, comprising a nonspermicidal lubricious compound and a PCAGH. 
     
     
         9 . A method for increasing the survival of an oocyte in vitro, comprising contacting a sample containing an oocyte with a culture medium acceptable to said oocyte, wherein said medium includes a PCAGH in an amount sufficient to increase oocyte survival. 
     
     
         10 . A method for increasing the survival of an embryo in vitro, comprising contacting a sample containing an embryo with a culture medium acceptable to said embryo, wherein said medium includes a PCAGH in an amount sufficient to increase embryo survival. 
     
     
         11 .- 15 . (canceled)