Pulse tube refrigerator

Abstract

A pulse tube refrigerator, includes a pulse tube; and a regenerator having a low temperature end, the low temperature end being in communication with a low temperature end of the pulse tube via a communicating path, wherein a heat exchanger is provided at the low temperature end side of the pulse tube in the communicating path; the heat exchanger includes a laminated body, the laminated body including at least first and second metal gauzes; the first and second metal gauzes include copper or a copper alloy; interfaces of the metal gauzes are diffusion-bonded to each other; and a side surface of the laminated body is diffusion-bonded to an internal wall forming the communicating path.

1 . A pulse tube refrigerator, comprising:
 a pulse tube; and   a regenerator having a low temperature end, the low temperature end being in communication with a low temperature end of the pulse tube via a communicating path,   wherein a heat exchanger is provided at the low temperature end side of the pulse tube in the communicating path;   the heat exchanger includes a laminated body, the laminated body including at least first and second metal gauzes;   the first and second metal gauzes include copper or a copper alloy;   interfaces of the metal gauzes are diffusion-bonded to each other; and   a side surface of the laminated body is diffusion-bonded to an internal wall forming the communicating path.   
     
     
         2 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 1 ,
 wherein the laminated body includes a third metal gauze, the third metal gauze being situated at a top of the laminated body, the third metal gauze including metal other than the copper or the copper alloy;   the interfaces of the metal gauzes are diffusion-bonded to each other; and   the laminated body is provided in the communicating path so that a side of the third metal gauze is situated furthest from the low temperature end of the regenerator.   
     
     
         3 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 2 ,
 wherein the laminated body includes a fourth metal gauze, the fourth metal gauze being situated at a top of the laminated body, the fourth metal gauze including metal other than the copper or the copper alloy;   the interfaces of the metal gauzes are diffusion-bonded to each other; and   the laminated body is formed by laminating the third metal gauze, the first metal gauze, the fourth metal gauze, and the second metal gauze.   
     
     
         4 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 3 ,
 wherein the laminated body is formed by laminating six or more of the metal gauzes;   the laminated body has a structure where the metal gauzes made of metal other than the copper or the copper alloy and the metal gauzes made of the copper or the copper alloy are mutually and repeatedly provided; and   the interfaces of the metal gauzes are diffusion-bonded to each other.   
     
     
         5 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 3 ,
 wherein opening areas of the metal gauzes made of the metal other than the copper or the copper alloy are substantially equal to each other.   
     
     
         6 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 3 ,
 wherein an opening area of the metal gauzes made of the metal other than the copper or the copper alloy is smaller than an opening area of the metal gauzes made of the copper or the copper alloy.   
     
     
         7 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 3 ,
 wherein an opening area of the metal gauzes made of the metal other than the copper or the copper alloy is in a range between approximately 0.02 mm and approximately 0.58 mm.   
     
     
         8 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 2 ,
 wherein the metal other than the copper or the copper alloy is stainless steel or nickel.   
     
     
         9 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 1 ,
 wherein a rolling process is applied to the metal gauzes.   
     
     
         10 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 1 ,
 wherein a thickness of the metal gauzes after a rolling process is applied is in a range between approximately 0.4 mm through approximately 0.99 mm when the thickness of the metal gauzes before the rolling process is applied is 1 mm.   
     
     
         11 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 1 ,
 wherein an opening area of the metal gauzes made of the copper or the copper alloy is in a range between approximately 0.05 mm and approximately 1.14 mm.   
     
     
         12 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 1 ,
 wherein opening areas of the metal gauzes made of the copper or the copper alloy are substantially equal to each other.   
     
     
         13 . The pulse tube refrigerator as claimed in  claim 1 ,
 wherein opening areas of the metal gauzes made of the copper or the copper alloy are continuously or gradually decreased from the metal gauze closest to the low temperature end of the regenerator toward a laminating direction of the laminated body.   
     
     
         14 . A pulse tube refrigerator, comprising:
 a pulse tube; and   a regenerator having a low temperature end, the low temperature end being in communication with a low temperature end of the pulse tube via a communicating path,   wherein a heat exchanger is provided at the low temperature end side of the pulse tube in the communicating path;   the heat exchanger includes a laminated body and a housing, the laminated body including at least first and second metal gauzes;   the first and second metal gauzes and the housing include copper or a copper alloy;   interfaces of the metal gauzes are diffusion-bonded to each other;   the laminated body is received in the housing; and   a side surface of the laminated body is diffusion-bonded to an internal wall of the housing.