Method and reactors for gasification of fuels in the form of dust, solids, or liquids, such as coal, petroleum coke, oil, tar, or the like

Abstract

With a method for cooling units subjected to stress at high temperatures, in cooled reactors for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, using gasification media that contain oxygen, whereby the reactor walls are cooled by way of a coolant circuit, penetration of substances from the reactor into the cooling circuit in the event of possible leaks is supposed to be reliably prevented. This is achieved in that the units to be cooled, such as, for example, gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, are equipped with an independent cooling circuit, whereby this cooling circuit is directly connected with the main cooling circuit.

1 . Method for cooling units subjected to stress at high temperatures, namely gasification burners, burner muffles, or the like, in cooled reactors for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, using gasification media that contain oxygen, whereby the reactor walls are cooled by way of a coolant circuit, 
       wherein
 the units to be cooled are equipped with an independent cooling circuit, whereby this cooling circuit is directly connected with the main cooling circuit. 
 
     
     
         2 . Method according to  claim 1 , 
       wherein
 the unit cooling circuit is operated at the pressure level of the main cooling circuit. 
 
     
     
         3 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the unit cooling circuit is connected with the equalization vessel (steam drum) of the main cooling circuit, in terms of effect.   
     
     
         4 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein
 in the event of a loss of liquid in the unit cooling circuit, additional feed from the main cooling circuit is implemented.   
     
     
         5 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein
 when cooling medium is fed into the unit cooling circuit, a leak report is triggered.   
     
     
         6 . Method according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the temperature of the cooling medium in the unit cooling circuit is adjusted by means of indirect heat exchange with feed water and boiler water and/or by means of mixtures of feed water and boiler water.   
     
     
         7 . System for implementing the method according to  claim 1 , having a main cooling circuit for the reactor for gasification of fuels that contain carbon, and having a steam drum integrated into the cooling circuit, 
       further comprising
 one or more unit cooling circuits (A) for cooling gasification burners ( 2 ) assigned to the reactor, whereby the burner cooling circuit (A) is connected with the stream drum ( 8 ) of the main cooling circuit (B), in terms of effect, in such a manner that the pressure level of the main cooling circuit (B) also prevails in the burner cooling circuit (A). 
 
     
     
         8 . System according to  claim 7 , wherein
 a leak monitoring device ( 12 ) is provided in a connection line ( 7 ) between the burner cooling circuit (A) and the main cooling circuit (B).   
     
     
         9 . System according to  claim 7 , wherein
 a heat exchanger ( 6 ) for absorbing the heat from the burner cooling circuit (A), with application to the steam drum ( 8 ), is provided in the burner cooling circuit (A).