Heating system producing electricity

Abstract

A heating system for a property has a thermal interconnection ( 5 ) between a thermal heat generator ( 1 ), in particular a conventional heating system ( 2 ), and a plurality of heat consumers ( 7 ) for simultaneous production of heat and electricity, the thermal interconnection ( 5 ) being controlled by a control unit ( 12 ). One of the heat consumers ( 7 ) includes a conversion system ( 11 ) based on a thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ), in particular a water vapor or an ORC or Kalina process, and provided for the conversion of thermodynamic energy into electrical energy. The condensation heat occurring in the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ) is transferred to further heat consumers ( 7 ). The heating system is operable in at least one of two modes of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation the heat generated is supplied to the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ) for producing electricity and the residual heat resulting from the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ) is used for heating, and in the second mode of operation electricity is produced independently of the heating demand in that a heat sink ( 6 ) absorbs the condensation heat of the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ).

1 . A heating system for a property, comprising a thermal interconnection ( 5 ) between a thermal heat generator ( 1 ), in particular a conventional heating system ( 2 ), and a plurality of heat consumers ( 7 ) for simultaneous production of heat and electricity, the thermal interconnection ( 5 ) being controlled by a control unit ( 12 ), one of the heat consumers ( 7 ) including a conversion system ( 11 ) based on a thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ), in particular a water vapor or an ORC or Kalina process, and provided for conversion of thermodynamic energy into electrical energy, wherein the condensation heat occurring in the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ) is transferred to further heat consumers ( 7 ),
 characterized in that the heating system is operable in at least one of two modes of operation, wherein in the first mode of operation the heat generated is supplied to the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ) for producing electricity and the residual heat resulting from the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ) is used for heating, and in the second mode of operation electricity is produced independently of the heating demand in that a heat sink ( 6 ) absorbs the condensation heat of the thermodynamic cycle ( 10 ).   
     
     
         2 . The heating system according to  claim 1 , characterized by a thermal interconnection to a thermal heat sink provided at the property for an increase in efficiency in the electricity production and for realizing a further mode of operation in which electricity is produced exclusively. 
     
     
         3 . The heating system according to  claim 1  or  2 , characterized by a thermal interconnection to thermal solar collectors for generating solar electricity by means of a thermodynamic process in the low temperature range and for realizing a further mode of operation in which electricity is produced with the aid of the thermal solar collectors. 
     
     
         4 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a thermal interconnection to a waste gas heat recovery system which is provided at the property and is exploited by means of a thermodynamic process in the low temperature range for increasing the efficiency in the electricity production. 
     
     
         5 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a technical realization of a combined heat and power generation having a temperature spread of from approx. 20 to 300° C. using a medium which is suitable for the extended temperature range for a single-stage thermodynamic cycle, in particular thermal oils or silicates, having a critical temperature above the exit temperature of approx. 300° C. and which does not create a negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure, in particular also in the low condensation temperature range at the level of the heat sink. 
     
     
         6 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a multistage thermodynamic cycle having a high temperature circuit and a low temperature circuit, electricity being generated from both circuits. 
     
     
         7 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a valve-controlled, possibly double-acting pressure cylinder/linear generator system which is adjustable in respect of both the transfer capacity and the inlet pressure/outlet pressure ratio, in particular by the closed-loop control of the inlet volume per working cycle. 
     
     
         8 . The heating system according to any of  claims 1  to  6 , characterized by a rotational conversion system for converting thermodynamic energy into mechanical rotational energy, in particular using a DiPietro engine, the rotational system including a rotational generator, in particular an RMT generator. 
     
     
         9 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit controls a capacity (power) adaptation required in the different modes of operation, for example by means of the additional heat generators, and the thermal equilibrium in the different modes of operation is balanced by a power regulation of the heat generator or by power regulation in the conversion system for converting thermodynamic into electrical energy or by means of closed-loop control of an accumulator inflow P Sp IN (t) and thus by way of the accumulator filling level of the heat accumulator. 
     
     
         10 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat generator is a high temperature heating system, in particular a high temperature biomass combustion plant having exit temperatures of the medium of greater than 300° C. 
     
     
         11 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit ( 12 ) periodically determines and adjusts an equilibrium between thermal energy generation and thermal energy demand according to the formula
     E   Heiz ( t )= E   WW ( t )+ E   HW ( t )+ E   THDY ( t )+ E   Rest ( t )   
       where
 E Heiz : thermal energy generated by the conventional heating system ( 2 ) 
 E WW : energy demand for domestic service water 
 E HW : energy demand for thermal heat 
 E THDY : energy of the thermodynamic process for the conversion into electrical energy (process exergy) 
 E Rest : condensation heat energy (process anergy). 
 t: time. 
 
     
     
         12 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a thermally coupled heat accumulator ( 4 ) in which the thermal heat produced by the heating system ( 12 ) can be temporarily accumulated and be passed on to at least one heat consumer ( 7 ) offset in time, and in that the control unit ( 12 ) periodically determines and adjusts an equilibrium between thermal energy generation and thermal energy demand according to the formula
     E   Heiz ( t )+ E   Sp OUT ( t )= E   WW ( t )+ E   HW ( t )+ E   THDY ( t )+ E   Sp IN ( t )+ E   Rest ( t )   
       where
 E Heiz : thermal energy generated by the conventional heating system ( 2 ) 
 E Sp OUT : thermal energy to be accumulated 
 E WW : energy demand for domestic service water 
 E HW : energy demand for thermal heat 
 E THDY : energy of the thermodynamic process for the conversion into electrical energy (process exergy) 
 E Sp IN : thermal energy to be taken from the heat accumulator 
 E Rest : condensation heat energy (process anergy). 
 t: time. 
 
     
     
         13 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by sensors ( 13 ) for detecting process-influencing parameters, the control unit ( 12 ) controlling the operation of the heating system, incorporating the process-influencing parameters, and in that, based on sensor data, the control unit ( 12 ) adjusts the heat exchange between individual components of the heating system by a closed-loop control of the heat flows occurring so as to obtain a transfer that is as effective and complete as possible of the thermal energy of the respectively warmer medium to the respectively colder medium. 
     
     
         14 . The heating system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a coupling of the conversion system ( 11 ) to at least one refrigerating machine, the mechanical kinetic energy generated by the conversion system ( 11 ) being utilized for cooling indoor air. 
     
     
         15 . The heating system according to  claim 14 , characterized in that the waste heat E KM-Ab  arising in the refrigerating machine is utilized on the generator side for electricity production, accumulator filling, or hot water heating, and that the control unit ( 12 ) periodically determines and adjusts an equilibrium between thermal energy generation and thermal energy demand according to the formula
     E   Heiz ( t )+ E   Sp OUT ( t )+ E   KM-Ab ( t )= E   WW ( t )+ E   THDY ( t )+ E   Sp IN ( t )+ E   Rest ( t )+ E   Kühl ( t )   
       where
 E Heiz : thermal energy generated by the conventional heating system ( 2 ) 
 E Sp OUT : thermal energy to be accumulated 
 E WW : energy demand for domestic service water 
 E HW : energy demand for thermal heat 
 E THDY : energy of the thermodynamic process for the conversion into electrical energy (process exergy) 
 E Sp IN : thermal energy to be taken from the heat accumulator 
 E Rest : condensation heat energy (process anergy) 
 E KM-Ab : waste heat arising in the refrigerating machine 
 E Kühl : energy required for indoor cooling 
 t: time.