Turbo Charger II

Abstract

A turbocharger includes a compressor arrangement for compressing fresh air for internal combustion engines, containing a compressor wheel as well as an electric motor with a rotor and stator. A rotor magnet of the rotor is designed such that it is partially or completely integrated into the compressor wheel, and the smallest diameter of the stator is 1.5- to 8-times the size of the largest outer diameter of the rotor. The turbocharger has a very spontaneous response behaviour in the transient range, as well as the possibility of an exact real-time regulation of the mass flow. It furthermore renders possible the energy recovery and this contributes to increasing the total efficiency.

1 - 44 . (canceled) 
     
     
         45 . A turbocharger, comprising:
 a compressor arrangement compressing fresh air for an internal combustion engine, the compressor arrangement including a compressor wheel and an electric motor, the motor including a rotor and a stator,   wherein a rotor magnet of the rotor is one of partially integrated and completely integrated into the compressor wheel, and wherein a smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 1.5- and 8-times as large as a largest outer diameter of the rotor.   
     
     
         46 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the rotating compressor wheel leads through a rotor gap at least 50% of an air mass flow to be compressed. 
     
     
         47 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the rotating compressor wheel leds through a rotor gap at least 90% of an air mass flow to be compressed. 
     
     
         48 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , further comprising:
 a turbine wheel connected to the compressor wheel, the motor being arranged on a side of the compressor wheel which is distant to the turbine wheel.   
     
     
         49 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the rotor is connected to the compressor wheel in a rotationally fixed manner, and is designed in a freely projecting manner. 
     
     
         50 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , further comprising:
 a turbine wheel permanently connected to the compressor wheel in a rotationally fixed manner.   
     
     
         51 . A turbocharger according to  claims 45 , further comprising:
 a turbine wheel;   a housing including a turbine housing situating the turbine wheel; and   a compressor housing situating the compressor wheel.   
     
     
         52 . A turbocharger according to  claim 51 , wherein the mounting of at least one of the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel is given exclusively in a region between the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         53 . A turbocharger according to  claim 52 , further comprising:
 a bearing housing receiving bearing elements for the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel, the bearing housing being situated between the turbine housing and the compressor housing.   
     
     
         54 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the rotor magnet is surrounded by a sheathing. 
     
     
         55 . A turbocharger according to  claim 51 , wherein the stator has a substantially hollow-cylindrical shape. 
     
     
         56 . A turbocharger according to  claim 55 , wherein the stator is part of an inner wall of the compressor housing. 
     
     
         57 . A turbocharger according to  claim 55 , wherein the stator is applied, as an insert, into a corresponding opening of the compressor housing. 
     
     
         58 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein a rotor gap is located between the rotor and the stator, the rotor gap being an inlet air opening for the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         59 . A turbocharger according to  claim 58 , wherein the inlet air opening is free of struts between the rotor and the stator. 
     
     
         60 . A turbocharger according to  claim 54 , wherein the sheathing has a substantially cylindrical shape. 
     
     
         61 . A turbocharger according to  claim 54 , wherein the rotor magnet, on an inside and in regions, is hollow for sticking onto a common shaft with the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         62 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the compressor wheel is composed of a non-metallic material 
     
     
         63 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the compressor wheel is composed of one of a reinforced plastic and a non-reinforced plastic. 
     
     
         64 . A turbocharger according to  claim 51 , wherein the turbine housing is connected to an exhaust gas conduit of the internal combustion engine to drive of the turbine wheel using the exhaust gas flowing out of the internal combustion engine. 
     
     
         65 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the motor is switched over from a motor operation into a generator operation. 
     
     
         66 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein a nominal voltage of the motor is one of 12, 24 and 48 V. 
     
     
         67 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein a mass of the rotor magnet is between 50 and 1000 g, 
     
     
         68 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein when the turbochager is a motor vehicle turbocharger, a mass of the rotor magnet is between 10 and 100 g. 
     
     
         69 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein a mass moment of inertia of the rotor magnet with respect to an axis of the rotor is between 0.1 kgmm2 and 10 kgmm2. 
     
     
         70 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein a mass moment of inertia of the rotor magnet with respect to an axis of the rotor for a motor vehicle application is a between 0.3 kgmm2 and 1.0 kgmm2. 
     
     
         71 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the compressor wheel has a conveyor structure in a form of one of worms, blades and wings, and wherein front edges of the conveyor structure, in an air inlet flow direction, lie one of downstream and upstream with regard to one of a magnetically effective front edge of the rotor magnet and a magnetically effective front edge of the stator. 
     
     
         72 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the compressor wheel has a conveyor structure in a form of one of blades, worms and wings, and wherein rear edges of the conveyor structure in an air inflow direction, lie one of downstream and upstream with respect to at least one of a rear edge of the rotor magnet and a rear edge of the stator. 
     
     
         73 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein at least one of the stator and the rotor is inclined with respect to an axis of the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         74 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the rotor magnet with respect to an axis of the compressor wheel is arranged radially outside a hub of the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         75 . A turbocharger according to  claim 74 , wherein the compressor wheel leads air radially within and radially outside the rotor magnet. 
     
     
         76 . A turbocharger according to  claim 75 , wherein the compressor wheel leads at least 50% of the air mass flow radially outside the rotor magnet. 
     
     
         77 . A turbocharger according to  claim 75 , wherein the compressor wheel leads at least 70% of the air mass flow radially outside the rotor magnet. 
     
     
         78 . A turbocharger according to  claim 75 , wherein the compressor wheel leads at least 90% of the air mass flow radially outside the rotor magnet. 
     
     
         79 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein in at least one cross section, a ratio of a cross-sectional area of an inlet opening to a cross-sectional area of the rotor magnet is between 0.5 and 100. 
     
     
         80 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein in at least one cross section, a ratio of a cross-sectional area of an inlet opening to a cross-sectional area of the rotor magnet is between 0.8 and 50. 
     
     
         81 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein in at least one cross section, a ratio of a cross-sectional area of an inlet opening to a cross-sectional area of the rotor magnet is between 2 and 20. 
     
     
         82 . A turbocharger according to  claim 79 , wherein the cross section runs through one of magnetically effective sections and electrically effective sections of the stator. 
     
     
         83 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein, in at least one cross section, a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the stator to a cross-sectional area of the rotor magnet is between 2 and 100. 
     
     
         84 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein, in at least one cross section, a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the stator to a cross-sectional area of the rotor magnet is between 10 and 50. 
     
     
         85 . A turbocharger according to  claim 79 , wherein the cross section is perpendicular to an axis. 
     
     
         86 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the rotor is connected to the compressor wheel, the compressor wheel being axially mounted on both sides. 
     
     
         87 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the turbocharger is a compressor system having at least one compressor wheel, the at least one compressor wheel being axially mounted on one of one side and both sides. 
     
     
         88 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , further comprising:
 a turbine wheel,   wherein the motor is arranged on one of a first side of the compressor wheel which faces the turbine wheel and between the first side and a second side of the compressor wheel which is distant to the turbine wheel.   
     
     
         89 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 1.1- and 1.49-times larger than the largest outer diameter of the rotor. 
     
     
         90 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 1.25- and 1.49-times larger than the largest outer diameter of the rotor. 
     
     
         91 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the smallest inner diameter of the stator is 8.01- to 15-times larger than the largest outer diameter of the rotor. 
     
     
         92 . A turbocharger according to  claim 45 , wherein the smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 8.01- and 12-times larger than the largest outer diameter of the rotor. 
     
     
         93 . A drive system for a motor vehicle, comprising:
 an internal combustion engine;   a storage device storing an electrical energy; and   a turbocharger including a compressor arrangement compressing fresh air for an internal combustion engine, the compressor arrangement including a compressor wheel and an electric motor, the motor including a rotor and a stator, the rotor magnet of the rotor being one of partially integrated and completely integrated into the compressor wheel, and wherein a smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 1.5- and 8-times as large as a largest outer diameter of the rotor,   wherein the motor is connected to the storage device to receive the electrical energy during in a motor operation of the turbocharger and to feeding-in the electrical energy in a generator operation of the turbocharger.   
     
     
         94 . A drive system according to  claim 91 , wherein the storage device is connected to an electromotoric drive of the motor vehicle. 
     
     
         95 . A drive system according to  claim 93 , wherein the turbocharger includes a turbine wheel, a turbine housing and a compressor housing, the drive system further comprising:
 control electronics determining a rotational speed of one of the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel, actual values of pressure conditions on a side of the turbine housing and a side of the compressor housing, and further values of the internal combustion engine of relevance to a torque.   
     
     
         96 . A drive system according to  claim 95 , wherein the control electronics include a sensor. 
     
     
         97 . A method for an operation of a turbocharger, the turbocharger including a compressor arrangement and at least one compressor wheel, the compressor arrangement compressing fresh air for an internal combustion engine, the compressor arrangement including a compressor wheel and an electric motor, the motor including a rotor and a stator,
 wherein a rotor magnet of the rotor is one of partially integrated and completely integrated into the compressor wheel,   wherein a smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 1.5- and 8-times as large as a largest outer diameter of the rotor, and   wherein the least one compressor wheel is driven by the motor to compress air, a rotor gap being arranged between the rotor and the stator, at least 50% of an air mass flow led to the compressor wheel being led through the rotor gap in at least one operating condition of the turbocharger.   
     
     
         98 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein at least 90% of the air mass flow is led through the rotor gap in at least one operating condition of the turbocharger. 
     
     
         99 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein the operating condition is given at a rotational speed between 5000 and 300000 r.p.m of the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         100 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein the operating condition is given at a rotational speed between 40000 and 200000 r.p.m of the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         101 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein the operating condition is given at a rotational speed between 40000 and 60000 r.p.m of the compressor wheel. 
     
     
         102 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein the operating condition is given at a rotational speed between 50 and 20000 r.p.m of the internal combustion engine supplied by the turbocharger with fresh air. 
     
     
         103 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein the operating condition is given at a rotational speed between 100 and 1500 r.p.m of the internal combustion engine supplied by the turbocharger with fresh air. 
     
     
         104 . A method according to  claim 97 , wherein the operating condition is given at a rotational speed between 2000 and 4000 r.p.m of the internal combustion engine supplied by the turbocharger with fresh air. 
     
     
         105 . The use of a turbocharger as a basic module of a micro-turbine for a power/heat generation, the turbocharger including a compressor arrangement compressing fresh air for an internal combustion engine, the compressor arrangement including a compressor wheel and an electric motor, the motor including a rotor and a stator, wherein a rotor magnet of the rotor is one of partially integrated and completely integrated into the compressor wheel, and wherein a smallest inner diameter of the stator is between 1.5- and 8-times as large as a largest outer diameter of the rotor.