Method for carrying out pyrolysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for carrying out pyrolysis in such manner that a first raw material is fed to a combustion boiler and a second raw material is fed to a pyrolysis reactor which are integrated together, energy fractions are formed from the raw material in the combustion boiler and gaseous and liquid product fractions are formed from the raw material in the pyrolysis reactor by fast pyrolysis. According to the invention, production of the pyrolysis product and energy fractions is controlled by optimizing the selection of the raw material, product distribution and production costs, value and quality of at least one product fraction by varying the process variables, which are selected from the group comprising a first raw material, a second raw material, quantities of the raw materials, selection of additional materials, process parameters, selection of an additional process step, composition and quantity of the carrier gas used, quantity of oxygen, selection of the heat transfer agent and moisture content of the raw material.

1 . A method for carrying out pyrolysis in such manner that a first raw material is fed to a combustion boiler and a second raw material is fed to a pyrolysis reactor which are integrated together, energy fractions are formed from the raw material in the combustion boiler and gaseous and liquid product fractions are formed from the raw material in the pyrolysis reactor by fast pyrolysis, characterized in that production of the pyrolysis product and energy fractions is controlled by optimizing the selection of the raw material, the product distribution and the production costs, value and quality of at least one product fraction by varying the process variables, which are selected from the group comprising a first raw material, second raw material, quantities of the raw materials, selection of additional materials, process parameters, selection of an additional process step, composition and quantity of the carrier gas used, quantity of oxygen, selection of a heat transfer agent and moisture content of the raw material. 
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the gaseous product fractions produced during the pyrolysis are mainly condensed to liquid pyrolysis products. 
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 1  or  2 , characterized in that the raw material is selected from the group comprising organic matter, chips, forest chips, wood, bark, sawdust, straw, coal, peat, oil, oil shale, lignite, petroleum, biomass, energy containing waste material, plastic, waste plastic, fuel containing waste, refuse derived fuel/RDF, pine oil, black lye, organic solvent and derivatives thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  3 , characterized in that the method comprises a multistep pyrolysis, wherein fast pyrolysis is performed as a first step and improved product fractions and/or additional product fractions are formed as a second step by applying an additional step. 
     
     
         5 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  4 , characterized in that the method comprises a multistep pyrolysis, wherein an additional step is performed as a first step and fast pyrolysis is performed as a second step in order to form improved product fractions and/or additional product fractions. 
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 4  or  5 , characterized in that the additional step is selected from the group comprising: drying, temperature raising step, gasification step, dust separation, reforming, steam reforming, separating the product fractions and separating the solids. 
     
     
         7 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  6 , characterized in that the realization of the pyrolysis step is modified in the method by at least one special operation, which is selected from the group comprising adjusting the temperature, selecting the carrier gas, feeding vapor and adding oxygen. 
     
     
         8 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  7 , characterized in that the carrier gas is selected from the group comprising combustion gas, water vapor, air and a mixture thereof. 
     
     
         9 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  8 , characterized in that the carrier gas contains oxygen. 
     
     
         10 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  9 , characterized in that additional oxygen is added to the carrier gas. 
     
     
         11 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  10 , characterized in that most of the side, residual and waste flows are circulated to the combustion boiler. 
     
     
         12 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  11 , characterized in that heat transfer material is used for transferring the energy fraction from the combustion boiler to a desired process step and/or recovery. 
     
     
         13 . The method according to any one of claims to  12 , characterized in that the heat transfer material is selected from the group comprising sand, bed sand, aluminum oxide based material, other fluidization material and the like. 
     
     
         14 . The method according to any one of claims to  13 , characterized in that the heat transfer material is circulated from the combustion boiler to the pyrolysis reactor and from the pyrolysis reactor to the combustion boiler via a separation step. 
     
     
         15 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  14 , characterized in that the process parameters are selected from the group comprising temperature of the pyrolysis step, temperature of the additional step, residence time in the pyrolysis reactor, temperature of the combustion boiler, way of mixing and order of mixing the raw materials of the pyrolysis, the carrier gas and the heat transfer material, addition of oxygen, circulation of the heat transfer material and circulation of the product and side fractions. 
     
     
         16 . The method according to any one of  claims 1  to  15 , characterized in that the first raw material and the carrier gas are arranged to a mixture and the heated heat transfer material is conducted to the mixture.