Method for the Electrochemical Coating of a Workpiece

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the electrochemical coating of a workpiece through precipitation of an aluminum-containing metal layer from an ionic liquid, which contains aluminum ions, on the surface of the workpiece. In order to suggest measures, which enable an improvement of the surface properties of a workpiece coated with aluminum, it is provided that the ionic liquid contains particles and these particles are incorporated into the metal layer. The particles have a Mohs hardness of at least 5 and which are selected from silicic acid, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide particles, in particular of the rutile or anatase type, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond particles as well as hollow micro-glass balls or a mixture of these and/or particles that contain lubricants and/or particles that contain graphene and/or fullerenes.

1 - 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . A method for the electrochemical coating of a workpiece through precipitation of an aluminum-containing metal layer from an ionic liquid, which contains aluminum ions, on the surface of the workpiece, wherein the ionic liquid contains particles and the particles are incorporated into the metal layer, and wherein a surface property of the metal layer is set through incorporation of the particles, wherein the particles:
 have a Mohs hardness of at least 5 and are selected from the group consisting of particles of silicic acid, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide particles, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond, hollow micro-glass balls and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         20 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the particles have a Mohs hardness of at least 7. 
     
     
         21 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the particles contain lubricants. 
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the particles contain lubricant selected from the group consisting of halogen carbon hydrides, MoS 2 , boron nitride, graphite, fluorinated graphite, carnauba wax, polysulfones, polyolefin resins, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         23 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the particles have a maximum expansion between 10 nm and 10 μm. 
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the layer thickness of the applied layer is 1 μm to 5 μm. 
     
     
         25 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein an ionic liquid is used, in which the percent by weight of the particles is between 0.1% and 10%, with respect to a reactive component contained in the ionic liquid. 
     
     
         26 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein a thorough mixing of the ionic liquid takes place before, during and/or after the precipitation. 
     
     
         27 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein a percent by weight, a percent by volume and/or a number of the particles is monitored in the ionic fluid. 
     
     
         28 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein particles are added before, during and/or after the precipitation for the setting of the number, the percent by weight and/or the percent by volume of the particles of the ionic liquid. 
     
     
         29 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein an ionic liquid is used which contains ions of at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, lead and titanium and wherein a metal layer is precipitated, which contains the at least one additional element. 
     
     
         30 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the surface of the workpiece is pretreated before the application of the metal layer through degreasing, sand-blasting, shot-blasting, in-situ electrochemical etching, phosphating or application of an adhesive agent. 
     
     
         31 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein after precipitation of the metal layer, the layer is post-treated through painting or dyeing, sealing or application of a top coat. 
     
     
         32 . The method according to  claim 19 , wherein the particles contain graphene and/or fullerenes. 
     
     
         33 . A coating for a workpiece, comprising an aluminum-containing metal layer generated through electrochemical precipitation on the surface of the workpiece, wherein particles are incorporated into the metal layer, wherein the particles:
 have a Mohs hardness of at least 5 and are selected from the group consisting of particles of silicic acid, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide particles, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond, hollow micro-glass balls or combinations thereof.   
     
     
         34 . A workpiece with a coating according to  claim 33 . 
     
     
         35 . An ionic liquid, containing aluminum ions, wherein the ionic liquid contains particles wherein the particles:
 have a Mohs hardness of at least 5 and are selected from the group consisting of particles of silicic acid, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide particles, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond, hollow micro-glass balls and combinations thereof.   
     
     
         36 . A method for the provision of an ionic liquid according to  claim 35 , comprising the steps:
 preparation of an ionic liquid which contains aluminum ions   addition of particles to the ionic liquid, wherein the particles comprise:
 particles, which have a Mohs hardness of at least 5 and which are selected from the group consisting of particles of silicic acid, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide particles, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond, hollow micro-glass balls and combinations thereof. 
   
     
     
         37 . A method for the provision of an ionic liquid according to  claim 35 , comprising:
 preparation of an ionic liquid   addition of particles to the ionic liquid, wherein the particles comprise:
 particles, which have a Mohs hardness of at least 5 and which are selected from the group consisting of particles of silicic acid, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide particles, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide and diamond, hollow micro-glass balls and combinations thereof; and 
   dissolving aluminum ions in the ionic liquid.