US2011010986A1PendingUtilityA1

Fuel additive

52
Assignee: ALARCO JOSE ANTONIOPriority: Jan 16, 2008Filed: Jan 16, 2009Published: Jan 20, 2011
Est. expiryJan 16, 2028(~1.5 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Jose Antonio AlarcoPeter Cade Talbot
C10L 1/1233
52
PatentIndex Score
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Claims

Abstract

A composition for use as a fuel additive for a hydrocarbon fuel. The additive is in the form of particles of one or more complex oxides having a nominal composition as set out in formula (1): A x B 1−y M y O n   (1) Wherein A is selected from one or more group III elements including the lanthanide elements or one or more divalent or monovalent cations; B is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 22 to 24, 40 to 42 and 72 to 75; M is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 25 to 30; x is defined as a number where 0<x<1 ; and y is defined as a number where 0<y<0.5.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 - 18 . (canceled) 
     
     
         19 . A composition for use as a fuel additive comprising particles of one or more complex oxides having a nominal composition as set out in formula (1):
   A x B 1−y M y O n    (1)
   
       wherein
 A is selected from one or more group III elements including the lanthanide elements or one or more divalent or monovalent cations; 
 B is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 22 to 24, 40 to 42 and 72 to 75; 
 M is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 25 to 30; 
 x is defined as a number where 0<x<1; and 
 y is defined as a number where 0<y<0.5. 
 
     
     
         20 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 19 , wherein the one or more complex oxides have a nominal composition as set out in formula (2):
   A x A′ w B 1−y M y O n    (2)
   
       wherein
 A is one or more group III elements including the lanthanide elements; 
 A′ is one or more divalent or monovalent cations; 
 w is defined as a number where 0≦w≦1; and 
 0.5<x+w<1. 
 
     
     
         21 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 20  wherein A is selected from La, Ce, Sm and Nd, A′ is selected from Sr, Ba, and Ca, B is selected from Ti, V, W and Mo, and M is selected from Cu and Ni. 
     
     
         22 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 21  wherein A is La or Ce, A′ is Sr, B is Ti, and M is Cu or Ni and the complex oxide has the general formula as set out in formula (3):
   (La,Ce) x Sr w Ti 1−y M y O n    (3).
 
 
     
     
         23 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 20  wherein at least one complex oxide phase is a perovskite with a general formula (4):
   A x A′ w B 1−y M y O 3    (4).
 
 
     
     
         24 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 23  wherein at least one complex oxide phase is a perovskite with a general formula (5):
   (La,Ce) x Sr w Ti 1−y M y O 3    (5).
 
 
     
     
         25 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 19  wherein the complex oxide material has an initial surface area greater than approximately 15 m 2 /g, and a surface area after aging for 2 hours at 1000° C. in air greater than approximately 5 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         26 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 25  wherein the complex oxide material has an initial surface area greater than approximately 30 m 2 /g, and a surface area after aging for 2 hours at 1000° C. in air greater than approximately 15 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         27 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in  claim 19  wherein the complex oxide material exhibits an average grain size of approximately 2 nm to approximately 150 nm and has pores ranging in size from approximately 7 nm to approximately 250 nm. 
     
     
         28 . A composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein A is Ce, B is Ti, y is zero, and n is 4 and the complex oxide has the formula CeTiO 4 . 
     
     
         29 . A composition comprising a fuel and the fuel additive of  claim 19 . 
     
     
         30 . A composition as claimed in  claim 29  wherein the fuel comprises a hydrocarbon-based fuel. 
     
     
         31 . A composition as claimed in  claim 29  wherein the fuel is a diesel fuel. 
     
     
         32 . A composition as claimed in  claim 29  further comprising one or more solvents that are soluble in the fuel and that form a suspension or dispersion of the oxide particles in the solvent which then acts as a carrier or delivery agent for the fuel additive. 
     
     
         33 . A composition as claimed in  claim 29  further comprising other components or additives selected from the group comprising detergents, dehazers, anti-foaming agents, ignition improvers, anti-rust agents or corrosion inhibitors, deodorants, antioxidants, metal deactivators, lubricating agents, dyes or mixtures of two or more thereof. 
     
     
         34 . A method for making a fuel additive comprising one or more complex oxides having a nominal composition as set out in formula (1):
     A   x B 1−y M y O n    (1)
   
       wherein
 A is selected from one or more group III elements including the lanthanide elements or one or more divalent or monovalent cations; 
 B is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 22 to 24, 40 to 42 and 72 to 75; 
 M is selected from one or more elements with atomic number 25 to 30; 
 x is defined as a number where 0<x<1; and 
 y is defined as a number where 0<y<0.5, 
 
       which method comprises:
 forming a complex metal oxide of formula (1), the complex metal oxide being formed in the form of the agglomerated particles having nano sized grains; 
 breaking the agglomerates of particles to form dispersed particles of complex metal oxide having a particle size of less than 300 nm; and 
 adding the particles to a fuel. 
 
     
     
         35 . A method as claimed in  claim 34  which further comprises mixing the particles with one or more solvents that are soluble in the fuel and that form a suspension or dispersion of the oxide particles in the solvent which then acts as a carrier or delivery agent for the fuel additive. 
     
     
         36 . A method as claimed in  claim 35  wherein the fuel comprises a hydrocarbon-based fuel. 
     
     
         37 . A method as claimed in  claim 35  wherein the fuel is a diesel fuel. 
     
     
         38 . A method for making a fuel comprising refining oil at a refinery to form a fuel and adding a composition for use as a fuel additive as claimed in of  claim 19  to the fuel at the refinery or at a bulk storage facility for the fuel. 
     
     
         39 . A method as claimed in  claim 39  wherein the fuel comprises a hydrocarbon-based fuel. 
     
     
         40 . A method as claimed in  claim 40  wherein the fuel is a diesel fuel.

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