Gasoline compositions

Abstract

A gasoline composition is provided comprising: (i) base gasoline; and (ii) a composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from component B, C, D and E wherein the concentration of the components in the composition is calculated using the equation: Σ n=1 n=3 v fn E 70− E 70 base =E 100 base −Σ n=1 n=3 v fn E 100 n wherein: n=1 is component B, n=2 is component A, n=3 is any one of components C, D or E, v fn is the volume fraction of the component n=1, 2 or 3 in the composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from components B, C, D and E, E70 n is the blending E70 value of the component represented by n, E100 n is the blending E100 value of the component represented by n, E70 base is in the range of from 10 to 55% vol., and E100 base is in the range of from 35 to 75% vol.

1 . A gasoline composition comprising:
 (i) a base gasoline; and   (ii) a composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from categories (a) and (b) below:   (a) component B, and   (b) one component selected from components C, D and E, wherein:
 component A is an ester or mixture of esters having formula I:
   R 1 C(═O)—O—R 2    (I)
 
 
   
       wherein R 1  is selected from a C 1-6  alkyl group and R 2  is selected from a C 1-4  alkyl group and wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 1  and R 2  is in the range of from 5-9, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C.;
   component B is ethanol;   component C is a compound of formula II or formula III:   
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6  hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 110° C.;
   component D is butanol; and   component E is an ether of the general formula IV:
   R 7 —O—C(Me) 3    (IV)
 
   
 
       wherein R 7  is selected from methyl, ethyl or mixtures thereof,
 wherein the concentration of the components in the composition is calculated using the following equation (equation I):
   Σ n=1   n=2   v   fn   E 70 n   −E 70 base   =E 100 base −Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 100 n    (equation I)
 
 
 
       wherein:
 n=1 is component B, 
 n=2 is component A, 
 n=3 is any one of components C, D or E, 
 v fn  is the volume fraction of the component n=1, 2 or 3 in the composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from components B, C, D and E, 
 E70 n  is the blending E70 value of the component represented by n, 
 E100 n  is the blending E100 value of the component represented by n, 
 E70 base  is in the range of from 10 to 55% vol., and 
 E100 base  is in the range of from 35 to 75% vol. 
 
     
     
         2 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein E70 base  is in the range of from 20 to 50% vol., and E100 base  is in the range of from 46 to 71% vol. 
     
     
         3 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein E70 base  is the E70 value of the base gasoline, and E100 base  is the E100 value of the base gasoline. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein in component A, the R 1  group is a C 3-5  alkyl group, the R 2  group is a C 1-3  alkyl group, and with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 100 to 170° C. 
     
     
         5 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein component A is ethyl valerate. 
     
     
         6 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein in component C, the R 4  and R 5  groups are hydrogen, the R 3  and R 6  groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6  hydrocarbyl groups, with at least one of the R 3  and R 6  groups being a C 1-6  hydrocarbyl group, and with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 100° C. 
     
     
         7 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein component C is selected from 2-methyl furan, 2,5-dimethyl furan and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         8 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein the composition (ii) comprises component A and one component selected from components C, D and E, and optionally component B. 
     
     
         9 . The gasoline composition of  claim 8  wherein the composition (ii) additionally comprises component B. 
     
     
         10 . The gasoline composition of  claim 1  wherein the concentration of (ii) is in the range of from 0.5 to 40 % vol., based on the gasoline composition. 
     
     
         11 . A process for the preparation of a gasoline composition comprising providing a base gasoline and bringing into admixture with the base gasoline, a composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from categories (a) and (b) below:
 (a) component B, and   (b) one component selected from components C, D and E wherein:
 component A is an ester or mixture of esters having formula I:
   R 1 C(═O)—O—R 2    (I)
 
 
   
       wherein R 1  is selected from a C 1-6  alkyl group and R 2  is selected from a C 1-4  alkyl group and wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 1  and R 2  is in the range of from 5-9, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C.;
   component B is ethanol;   component C is a compound of formula II or formula III:   
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6  hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 110° C.;
   component D is butanol; and   component E is an ether of the general formula IV:
   R 7 —O—C(Me) 3    (IV)
 
   
 
       wherein R 7  is selected from methyl, ethyl or mixtures thereof,
 wherein the concentration of the components in the composition is calculated using the following equation (equation I):
   Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 70 n   −E 70 base   =E 100 base −Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 100 n    (equation I)
 
 
 
       wherein:
 n=1 is component B, 
 n=2 is component A, 
 n=3 is any one of components C, D or E, 
 v fn  is the volume fraction of the component n=1, 2 or 3 in the composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from components B, C, D and E, 
 E70 n  is the blending E70 value of the component represented by n, 
 E100 n  is the blending E100 value of the component represented by n, 
 E70 base  is in the range of from 10 to 55% vol., and 
 E100 base  is in the range of from 35 to 75% vol. 
 
     
     
         12 . A process for the preparation of a gasoline composition comprising providing a base gasoline and bringing into admixture with the base gasoline, component A and at least one component selected from categories (a) and (b) below:
 (a) component B, and   (b) one component selected from components C, D and E wherein:
 component A is an ester or mixture of esters having formula I:
   R 1 C(═O)—O—R 2    (I)
 
 
   
       wherein R 1  is selected from a C 1-6  alkyl group and R 2  is selected from a C 1-4  alkyl group and wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 1  and R 2  is in the range of from 5-9, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C.;
   component B is ethanol;   component C is a compound of formula II or formula III:   
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6  hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 110° C.;
   component D is butanol; and   component E is an ether of the general formula IV:
   R 7 —O—C(Me) 3    (IV)
 
   
 
       wherein R 7  is selected from methyl, ethyl or mixtures thereof,
 wherein the concentration of the components in the composition is calculated using the following equation (equation I):
   Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 70 n   −E 70 base   =E 100 base −Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 100 n    (equation I)
 
 
 
       wherein:
 n=1 is component B, 
 n=2 is component A, 
 n=3 is any one of components C, D or E, 
 v fn  is the volume fraction of the component n=1, 2 or 3 in the composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from components B, C, D and E, 
 E70 n  is the blending E70 value of the component represented by n, 
 E100 n  is the blending E100 value of the component represented by n, 
 E70 base  is in the range of from 10 to 55% vol., and 
 E100 base  is in the range of from 35 to 75% vol. 
 
     
     
         13 . A method of operating a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, which comprises bringing into the combustion chambers of said engine a gasoline composition of  claim 1 . 
     
     
         14 . A gasoline composition comprising:
 (i) a base gasoline; and   (ii) a composition comprising component A, component B and at least one other oxygenate component selected from components C, D and E,   
       wherein:
   component A is an ester or mixture of esters having formula I:
   R 1 C(═O)—O—R 2    (I)
 
   
 
       wherein R 1  is selected from a C 1-6  alkyl group and R 2  is selected from a C 1-4  alkyl group and wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 1  and R 2  is in the range of from 5-9, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C.;
   component B is ethanol;   component C is a compound of formula II or formula III:   
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6  hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 110° C.;
   component D is butanol; and   component E is an ether of the general formula IV:
   R 7 —O—C(Me) 3    (IV)
 
   
 
       wherein R 7  is selected from methyl, ethyl or mixtures thereof,
 wherein the concentration of the components in the composition is calculated using the following equation (equation I):
   Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 70 n   −E 70 base   =E 100 base −Σ n=1   n=3   v   fn   E 100 n    (equation I)
 
 
 
       wherein:
 n=1 is component B, 
 n=2 is component A, 
 n=3 is any one of components C, D or E, 
 v fn  is the volume fraction of the component n=1, 2 or 3 in the composition comprising component A and at least one component selected from components B, C, D and E, 
 E70 n  is the blending E70 value of the component represented by n, 
 E100 n  is the blending E100 value of the component represented by n, 
 E70 base  is in the range of from 10 to 55% vol., and 
 E100 base  is in the range of from 35 to 75% vol. 
 
     
     
         15 . The gasoline composition of  claim 14  wherein the one other oxygenate component is component C. 
     
     
         16 . The gasoline composition of  claim 14  wherein the one other oxygenate component is component D. 
     
     
         17 . The gasoline composition of  claim 14  wherein the one other oxygenate component is component E. 
     
     
         18 . A gasoline composition comprising:
 (i) a base gasoline; and   (ii) a composition comprising component A, component B and at least one other oxygenate component selected from components C, D and E in a concentration according to area G in the FIGURE wherein:
 component A is an ester or mixture of esters having formula I:
   R 1 C(═O)—O—R 2    (I)
 
 
   
       wherein R 1  is selected from a C 1-6  alkyl group and R 2  is selected from a C 1-4  alkyl group and wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R 1  and R 2  is in the range of from 5-9, with the proviso that component A has a boiling point or boiling point range within the temperature range of from 90 to 200° C.;
   component B is ethanol;   component C is a compound of formula II or formula III:   
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein the R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and R 6  groups are independently selected from hydrogen and C 1-6  hydrocarbyl groups, with the proviso that component C has a boiling point or boiling point range of at most 110° C.;
   component D is butanol; and   component E is an ether of the general formula IV:
   R 7 —O—C(Me) 3    (IV)
 
   
 
       wherein R 7  is selected from methyl, ethyl or mixtures thereof.