Printing Ink Comprising Micrometer-Sized or Nanometer-Sized Coal Material

Abstract

A printing ink includes a micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material. The micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material is produced using a method of providing a controlled batch of micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material. This method includes the steps of: (a) specifying at least one desired physical and/or chemical parameter of the controlled batch of coal material; (b) specifying the desired range of the physical and/or chemical parameter in the controlled batch of coal material; (c) obtaining a feedstock batch of coal material; and (d) processing a feedstock batch of coal material to obtain the controlled batch of coal material having the at least one specified physical and/or chemical parameter in the specified range thereof. In a further step, the controlled batch of coal material can be activated.

1 . Printing ink comprising:
 nanometer-sized coal material produced using a method of providing a controlled batch of nanometer-sized coal material, the method comprising:   (a) specifying at least one desired physical and/or chemical parameter of the controlled batch of coal material;   (b) specifying the desired range of the physical and/or chemical parameter that is to be deliberately provided in the controlled batch of coal material;   (c) obtaining a feedstock batch of coal material for use in obtaining the specified physical and/or chemical parameter of the end product by at least one of the following:
 1) choosing coal rank as identified in ASTM classes; 
 2) performing ultimate analysis for carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen composition; 
 3) performing proximate analysis for at least one of ash, volatile, fix carbon, and moisture content; 
 4) performing bulk purity determination; 
 5) performing a maceral composition determination; 
 6) performing size selection via sieve and/or electronic particle size determination methods; 
 7) performing ash fusion temperature determination; 
 8) performing ash composition determination; or 
 9) any combination thereof; and 
   (d) processing a feedstock batch of coal material to obtain the controlled batch of coal material having the at least one specified physical and/or chemical parameter in the specified range thereof by:
 1) introducing the feedstock batch of coal material to a beneficiation step causing elimination of unwanted materials, thereby creating beneficiated material; 
 2) introducing the beneficiated material to either (a) a direct classification step, which concentrates particles in the feedstock batch of coal material at a targeted mean size, thereby creating directly classified material; or (b) subjecting the beneficiated material to a size reduction step, which causes finer sized particles and/or particle shaping in the feedstock batch of coal material, thereby creating size reduced material; 
 3) if the beneficiated material is introduced to the direct classification step, transferring the directly classified material to a characterization step for determining physical and/or chemical parameters of the controlled batch of coal material; and 
 4) if the beneficiated material is introduced to the size reduction step:
 (i) subjecting the size reduced material to a purification step for reducing or eliminating process contaminants and/or newly liberated intrinsic impurities from larger particles, thereby creating purified material; 
 (ii) transferring the purified material to a classification step, which concentrates the particles of the purified material at a targeted mean size, thereby creating classified material; and 
 (iii) transferring the classified material to a characterization step for determining physical and/or chemical properties of the controlled batch of coal material. 
 
   
     
     
         2 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the desired physical parameter is particle size distribution. 
     
     
         3 . The printing ink of  claim 2 , wherein the desired physical parameter is particle mean size, particle median size, particle mode size, particle mean:median ratio, particle top size, particle bottom size, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         4 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the specified physical parameter is particle shape. 
     
     
         5 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the specified physical parameter is particle surface area. 
     
     
         6 . The printing ink of  claim 5 , wherein the specified range is greater than about 2000 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         7 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the specified chemical property is bulk purity. 
     
     
         8 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the specified chemical parameter is chemical composition. 
     
     
         9 . The printing ink of  claim 8 , wherein the chemical composition includes an ash content, a sulfur content, a rock concentration, an impurity content, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         10 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is waste coal, micrometer-sized coal material, nanometer-sized coal material, pulverized coal material, anthracite, lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         11 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is Buckwheat, Buckwheat No. 4, Buckwheat No. 5, in the range of about 300 micron to about 500 micron, mesh sized, larger than mesh sized, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         12 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the size reduction step includes the use of: a jaw crusher, a gyrator crusher, a rotary impactor, an autogenous mill, a stamp mill, a roll crusher, a large puck mill, a pan mill, a hammer mill, a rod-loaded tumbling mill, an ultra-rotator, a ring roll or ball mill, a ball-loaded tumbling mill, a vibratory mill, a puck mill, a fluid energy mill, a colloid mill, a horizontal disk mill, a high energy pin Mill, a rotary breaker, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         13 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the purification step includes: (i) a chemical digestion method; (ii) a reduction of at least one selected constituent; (iii) a removal of at least one process contaminant; (iv) acid treatment, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is waste coal. 
     
     
         15 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , further comprising the step of activating the controlled batch of coal material. 
     
     
         16 . The printing ink of  claim 15 , wherein the activation step includes steam activation, chemical activation, catalytic activation, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         17 . The printing ink of  claim 1 , further comprising the step of certifying the controlled batch of coal material according to at least one accepted standard. 
     
     
         18 . Printing ink comprising:
 micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material produced using a method of providing a controlled batch of micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material, the method comprising:   (a) specifying particle size as a parameter of the controlled batch of coal material;   (b) specifying the desired range of the particle size parameter in the controlled batch of coal material;   (c) obtaining a first feedstock batch of coal material;   (d) processing the first feedstock batch of coal material to obtain a second feedstock batch of coal material, wherein the processing step comprises:
 1) particle size reduction comprising the steps of
 i) providing a fluid bed jet mill; 
 ii) introducing the feedstock batch of coal material to a common housing of the fluid bed jet mill through a double flapper valve, an injector, or any combination thereof; and 
 iii) using turbulent free jets of the fluid bed jet mill to accelerate particles of the feedstock batch of coal in a pulverizing zone of the fluid bed jet mill, thereby causing the particles to collide, break, and form size reduced particles; and 
 
 2) classification comprising the steps of
 i) providing a high-efficiency centrifugal air classifier having a rotor positioned within a common housing with the fluid bed jet mill; 
 ii) exposing the size reduced particles to a classification zone of the classifier; and 
 iii) allowing the size reduced particles to pass through the rotor, depending on the speed of the rotor, thereby creating the controlled batch of coal material having the specified particle size parameter in the specified range thereof; and 
 
   (e) processing the second feedstock batch of coal material to obtain the controlled batch of coal material having the specified particle size parameter in the specified range thereof using a horizontal disk mill.   
     
     
         19 . Printing ink comprising:
 micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material produced using a method of providing a controlled batch of micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material, the method comprising:   (a) specifying at least one desired physical and/or chemical parameter of the controlled batch of coal material;   (b) specifying the desired range of the physical and/or chemical parameter in the controlled batch of coal material;   (c) obtaining a feedstock batch of coal material; and   (d) processing a feedstock batch of coal material to obtain the controlled batch of coal material having the at least one specified physical and/or chemical parameter in the specified range thereof by:
 introducing the feedstock batch of coal material to a beneficiation step to eliminate specified unwanted materials, thereby creating beneficiated coal material; 
 introducing the beneficiated coal material to a classification step to concentrate particles of the beneficiated coal material at a targeted mean size, thereby creating classified coal material; 
 deliberately producing at least one particle size distribution from the classified coal material with defined top size and bottom size, thereby creating a distributed coal material; and 
 transferring the distributed coal material to a characterization step to determine physical and/or chemical parameters of the distributed coal material, thereby providing the controlled batch of coal material. 
   
     
     
         20 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the desired physical parameter is particle size distribution. 
     
     
         21 . The printing ink of  claim 20 , wherein the desired physical parameter is particle mean size, particle median size, particle mode size, particle mean:median ratio, particle top size, particle bottom size, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         22 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the specified physical parameter is particle shape. 
     
     
         23 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the specified physical parameter is particle surface area. 
     
     
         24 . The printing ink of  claim 24 , wherein the specified range is greater than about 2000 m 2 /g. 
     
     
         25 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the specified chemical property is bulk purity. 
     
     
         26 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the specified chemical parameter is chemical composition. 
     
     
         27 . The printing ink of  claim 26 , wherein the chemical composition includes an ash content, a sulfur content, a rock concentration, an impurity content, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         28 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is waste coal, micrometer-sized coal material, nanometer-sized coal material, pulverized coal material, anthracite, lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         29 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is Buckwheat, Buckwheat No. 4, Buckwheat No. 5, in the range of about 300 micron to about 500 micron, mesh sized, larger than mesh sized, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         30 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material, and the processing step includes determining the at least one physical or chemical parameter of at least a portion of the micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material. 
     
     
         31 . The printing ink of  claim 30 , further comprising the step of concentrating the micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material to obtain the desired physical or chemical parameter within the desired range. 
     
     
         32 . The printing ink of  claim 30 , further comprising the step of classifying the micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material to obtain the desired physical or chemical parameter within the desired range. 
     
     
         33 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the processing step includes reducing the particle size of the feedstock batch of coal material to a target size region. 
     
     
         34 . The printing ink of  claim 33 , wherein the processing step includes the use of: a jaw crusher, a gyrator crusher, a rotary impactor, an autogenous mill, a stamp mill, a roll crusher, a large puck mill, a pan mill, a hammer mill, a rod-loaded tumbling mill, an ultra-rotator, a ring roll or ball mill, a ball-loaded tumbling mill, a vibratory mill, a puck mill, a fluid energy mill, a colloid mill, a horizontal disk mill, a high energy pin mill, a rotary breaker, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         35 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the processing step includes purification. 
     
     
         36 . The printing ink of  claim 35 , wherein the purification includes: (i) a chemical digestion method; (ii) a reduction of at least one selected constituent; (iii) a removal of at least one process contaminant; (iv) acid treatment, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         37 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the feedstock batch of coal material is waste coal, and the processing step includes micronizing or nano-izing the feedstock batch of coal material to obtain the specified physical or chemical parameter within the specified range. 
     
     
         38 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , further comprising the step of activating the controlled batch of coal material. 
     
     
         39 . The printing ink of  claim 38 , wherein the activation step includes steam activation, chemical activation, catalytic activation, or any combination thereof. 
     
     
         40 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , wherein the processing step includes the steps of:
 analyzing the feedstock batch of coal material; and   classifying the batch of coal material to obtain the specified physical or chemical parameter, the specified range of the physical or chemical parameter, or any combination thereof, thereby obtaining the controlled batch of coal material.   
     
     
         41 . The printing ink of  claim 19 , further comprising the step of certifying the controlled batch of coal material according to at least one accepted standard. 
     
     
         42 . Printing ink comprising:
 micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material produced using a method of providing a controlled batch of micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material, the method comprising:   (a) specifying at least one desired physical and/or chemical parameter of the controlled batch of coal material;   (b) specifying the desired range of the physical and/or chemical parameter in the controlled batch of coal material;   (c) obtaining a feedstock batch of coal material;   (d) subjecting the feedstock batch of coal material to a particle size reduction process to produce size reduced coal material;   (e) subjecting the size reduced coal material to a purification step to reduce or eliminate process contaminants and/or newly liberated intrinsic impurities from larger particles, thereby creating purified coal material;   (f) transferring the purified coal material to a classification step to concentrate the particles of the purified coal material at a targeted mean size, thereby creating classified coal material; and   (g) transferring the classified coal material to a characterization step to obtain the controlled batch of micrometer-sized or nanometer-sized coal material having the at least one desired physical and/or chemical parameter in the specified range thereof.   
     
     
         43 . Printing ink comprising:
 micrometer-sized coal material produced using a method of providing a controlled batch of micrometer-sized coal material, the method comprising:   (a) specifying at least one desired physical and/or chemical parameter of the controlled batch of coal material;   (b) specifying the desired range of the physical and/or chemical parameter that is to be deliberately provided in the controlled batch of coal material;   (c) obtaining a feedstock batch of coal material for use in obtaining the specified physical and/or chemical parameter of the end product by at least one of the following:
 1) performing ultimate analysis for carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen composition; 
 2) performing proximate analysis for at least one of ash, volatile, fix carbon, and moisture content; 
 3) performing bulk purity determination; 
 4) performing a maceral composition determination; 
 5) performing size selection via sieve and/or electronic particle size determination printing inks; 
 6) performing ash fusion temperature determination; 
 7) performing ash composition determination; or 
 8) any combination thereof; and 
   (d) processing a feedstock batch of coal material to obtain the controlled batch of coal material having the at least one specified physical and/or chemical parameter in the specified range thereof by:
 1) introducing the feedstock batch of coal material to a beneficiation step causing elimination of unwanted materials, thereby creating beneficiated material; 
 2) introducing the beneficiated material to either (a) a direct classification step, which concentrates particles in the feedstock batch of coal material at a targeted mean size, thereby creating directly classified material, or (b) subjecting the beneficiated material to a size reduction step, which causes finer sized particles and/or particle shaping in the feedstock batch of coal material, thereby creating size reduced material; 
 3) if the beneficiated material is introduced to the direct classification step, transferring the directly classified material to a characterization step for determining physical and/or chemical parameters of the controlled batch of coal material; and 
 4) if the beneficiated material is introduced to the size reduction step:
 (i) subjecting the size reduced material to a purification step for reducing or eliminating process contaminants and/or newly liberated intrinsic impurities from larger particles, thereby creating purified material; 
 (ii) transferring the purified material to a classification step, which concentrates the particles of the purified material at a targeted mean size, thereby creating classified material; and 
 (iii) transferring the classified material to a characterization step for determining physical and/or chemical properties of the controlled batch of coal material.