Transdermal delivery of beneficial substances effected by a hostile biophysical environment

Abstract

The present invention generally relates to the transdermal delivery of substances and, in some embodiments, to the transdermal delivery of beneficial substances by a hostile biophysical environment. In one aspect, various methods for the transdermal delivery of beneficial substances are disclosed. By creating a hostile biophysical environment, beneficial substances may be delivered, according to certain embodiments, through the stratum corneum of the skin into the body. Beneficial substances include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutical agents, drugs, vitamins, co-factors, peptides, dietary supplements, and others. The beneficial effects disclosed include, for instance, relief of pain and inflammation, prevention and healing of ulcers of the skin, relief of headache, improved sexual function and enjoyment, growth of hair on the scalp, improving muscle size and/or function, removing body fat and/or cellulite, treating cancer, treating viral infections and others. A hostile biophysical environment may also be used in conjunction with systems and methods for increasing local blood flow, according to one set of embodiments. For example, by using a nitric oxide donor such as L-arginine, local blood flow may be increased, e.g., by transdermally delivering the nitric oxide precursor. The nitric oxide donor may be the sole cause of increased blood flow, or it may be supplemented with an adjunct such as theophylline.

1 - 115 . (canceled) 
     
     
         116 . A topical delivery vehicle, comprising:
 a pharmaceutical agent exhibiting a charge at neutral pH;   a nitric oxide donor; and   a salt at an ionic strength of between about 0.25 M and about 15 M.   
     
     
         117 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the pharmaceutical agent is an NSAID. 
     
     
         118 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the pharmaceutical agent is ibuprofen. 
     
     
         119 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the salt is sodium chloride. 
     
     
         120 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the salt has an ionic strength of at least about 1 M. 
     
     
         121 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the nitric oxide donor is L-arginine. 
     
     
         122 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the nitric oxide donor is L-arginine hydrochloride. 
     
     
         123 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the nitric oxide donor comprises an L-arginine salt. 
     
     
         124 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the nitric oxide donor is present at a concentration of at least 0.5% by weight/volume. 
     
     
         125 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116 , wherein the topical delivery vehicle is a cream. 
     
     
         126 . A method, comprising applying the topical delivery vehicle of  claim 116  to the skin of a subject. 
     
     
         127 . A topical delivery vehicle, comprising:
 a pharmaceutical agent exhibiting a charge at neutral pH;   a nitric oxide donor; and   a salt at a concentration of between 5% w/v and 20% w/v.   
     
     
         128 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the pharmaceutical agent is an NSAID. 
     
     
         129 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the pharmaceutical agent is ibuprofen. 
     
     
         130 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the salt is sodium chloride. 
     
     
         131 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the nitric oxide donor is L-arginine. 
     
     
         132 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the nitric oxide donor is L-arginine hydrochloride. 
     
     
         133 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the nitric oxide donor comprises an L-arginine salt. 
     
     
         134 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the nitric oxide donor is present at a concentration of at least 0.5% by weight/volume. 
     
     
         135 . The topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127 , wherein the topical delivery vehicle is a cream. 
     
     
         136 . A method, comprising applying the topical delivery vehicle of  claim 127  to the skin of a subject.