Metal complexes

Abstract

The present invention relates to new types of metal complexes. Such compounds can be used as active components (=functional materials) in a series of different types of applications which can be classed within the electronics industry in the widest sense. The inventive compounds are described by the structure 1 and the formulae (1) to (60).

1 .- 30 . (canceled) 
   
   
       31 . A compound of the following formula
   [V-L 3 ]M   wherein   M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In, Tl, P, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Au, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu;   V is a bridging unit, which contains from 1 to 80 atoms and which connects the three partial ligands L;   L is the same or different on each occurrence and is a bidentate ligand comprising two cyclic groups Cy1 and Cy2, which are the same or different on each occurrence substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic homo- or heterocycles, which are each bonded ionically, covalently or coordinatively to the metal via a ring atom or via an atom bonded exocyclically to the homo- or heterocycle.   
   
   
       32 . A compound according to  claim 31  which comprises the structure 1, 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       containing at least one metal Met, which has the same meaning as M in  claim 31 , coordinated to a polypodal ligand Lig of the structure 2, 
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where V is a bridging unit, wherein V contains from 1 to 80 atoms and the three part-ligands L1, L2 and L3 which may be the same or different at each instance are covalently bonded to one another, and where the three part-ligands L1, L2 and L3 satisfy the structure 3 
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein Cy1 and Cy2 are the same or different at each instance and correspond to substituted or unsubstituted, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic homo- or heterocycles or part-homo- or part-heterocycles of a fused system, which are each bonded ionically, covalently or coordinatively to the metal via a ring atom or via an atom bonded exocyclically to the homo- or heterocycle, 
       and that the compounds of the structure 1 are uncharged. 
     
   
   
       33 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein L1=L2=L3. 
   
   
       34 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein L1≠L2. 
   
   
       35 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the linking unit V contains, as the linking atom, an element of main group 3, 4 or 5, or a 3- to 6-membered homo- or heterocycle. 
   
   
       36 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the polypodal ligand Lig of the structure 4 generates facial coordination geometry on the metal Met 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       37 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the polypodal ligand Lig of the structure 5 generates meridional coordination geometry on the metal Met 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
   
   
       38 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the compound is selected from the compounds (1) to (8) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where the symbols and indices are each defined as follows: 
       M is Al, Ga, In, Tl, P, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Au, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu; 
       L is the same or different at each instance and is C, N or P; 
       Q is the same or different at each instance and is O, S, Se, Te or N; 
       T is the same or different at each instance and is N, P or C; 
       X is the same or different at each instance and is CR, N or P; 
       Y is the same or different at each instance and is NR 1 , O, S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, TeO, SO 2 , SeO 2  or TeO 2 ; 
       Z is B, BR, B(CR 2 ) 3 , B(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , CR, COH, COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, C—I, CNR 1   2 , RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, 1,3,5-(CR 2 ) 3 C 6 H 3 , SiR, SiOH, SiOR 1 , RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , N, N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C═O) 3 , N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , NO, P, As, Sb, Bi, PO, AsO, SbO, BiO, PSe, AsSE, SbSe, BiSe, PTe, AsTe, SbTe or BiTe; 
       R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2  groups is optionally replaced by —R 1 C═CR 1 —, —C≡C—, Si(R 1 ) 2 , Ge(R 1 ) 2 , Sn(R 1 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 1 , —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 1 —, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, where a plurality of substituents R, both on the same ring and on the two different rings, together optionally forms a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; 
       R 1  is the same or different at each instance and is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
       c is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1. 
     
   
   
       39 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the compound is selected from the compounds (9) to (12) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
       M is Al, Ga, In, Tl, P, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Au, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu; 
       L is the same or different at each instance and is C, N or P; 
       Q is the same or different at each instance and is O, S, Se, Te or N; 
       T is the same or different at each instance and is N, P or C; 
       X is the same or different at each instance and is CR, N or P; 
       Y is the same or different at each instance and is NR 1 , O, S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, TeO, SO 2 , SeO 2  or TeO 2 ; 
       Z is B, BR, B(CR 2 ) 3 , B(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , CR, COH, COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, C—I, CNR 1   2 , RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, 1,3,5-(CR 2 ) 3 C 6 H 3 , SiR, SiOH, SiOR 1 , RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , N, N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C═O) 3 , N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , NO, P, As, Sb, Bi, PO, AsO, SbO, BiO, PSe, AsSE, SbSe, BiSe, PTe, AsTe, SbTe or BiTe; 
       R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2  groups is optionally replaced by —R 1 C═CR 1 —, —C≡C—, Si(R 1 ) 2 , Ge(R 1 ) 2 , Sn(R 1 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 1 , —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 1 —, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, where a plurality of substituents R, both on the same ring and on the two different rings, together optionally forms a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; 
       R 1  is the same or different at each instance and is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
       c is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1 and 
       n is 1 or 2. 
     
   
   
       40 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the compound is selected from the compounds (13) to (30) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
       M is Al, Ga, In, Tl, P, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Au, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu; 
       L is the same or different at each instance and is C, N or P; 
       Q is the same or different at each instance and is O, S, Se, Te or N; 
       T is the same or different at each instance and is N, P or C; 
       X is the same or different at each instance and is CR, N or P; 
       Y is the same or different at each instance and is NR 1 , O, S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, TeO, SO 2 , SeO 2  or TeO 2 ; 
       Z is B, BR, B(CR 2 ) 3 , B(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , CR, COH, COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, C—I, CNR 1   2 , RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, 1,3,5-(CR 2 ) 3 C 6 H 3 , SiR, SiOH, SiOR 1 , RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , N, N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C═O) 3 , N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , NO, P, As, Sb, Bi, PO, AsO, SbO, BiO, PSe, AsSE, SbSe, BiSe, PTe, AsTe, SbTe or BiTe; 
       R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2  groups is optionally replaced by —R 1 C═CR 1 —, —C≡C—, Si(R 1 ) 2 , Ge(R 1 ) 2 , Sn(R 1 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 1 , —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 1 —, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, where a plurality of substituents R, both on the same ring and on the two different rings, together optionally forms a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; 
       R 1  is the same or different at each instance and is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
       c is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1 and 
       n is 1 or 2. 
     
   
   
       41 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , selected from the compounds (31) to (41) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
       M is Al, Ga, In, Tl, P, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Au, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu; 
       L is the same or different at each instance and is C, N or P; 
       Q is the same or different at each instance and is O, S, Se, Te or N; 
       T is the same or different at each instance and is N, P or C; 
       X is the same or different at each instance and is CR, N or P; 
       Y is the same or different at each instance and is NR 1 , O, S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, TeO, SO 2 , SeO 2  or TeO 2 ; 
       Z is B, BR, B(CR 2 ) 3 , B(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , CR, COH, COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, C—I, CNR 1   2 , RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, 1,3,5-(CR 2 ) 3 C 6 H 3 , SiR, SiOH, SiOR 1 , RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , N, N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C═O) 3 , N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , NO, P, As, Sb, Bi, PO, AsO, SbO, BiO, PSe, AsSE, SbSe, BiSe, PTe, AsTe, SbTe or BiTe; 
       R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2  groups is optionally replaced by —R 1 C═CR 1 —, —C≡C—, Si(R 1 ) 2 , Ge(R 1 ) 2 , Sn(R 1 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 1 , —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 1 —, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, where a plurality of substituents R, both on the same ring and on the two different rings, together optionally forms a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; 
       R 1  is the same or different at each instance and is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
       c is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1 and 
       n is 1 or 2. 
     
   
   
       42 . A compound which is selected from the compounds of compounds (42) to (82) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
       T is the same or different at each instance and is N, P or C; 
       Y is the same or different at each instance and is NR 1 , O, S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, TeO, SO 2 , SeO 2  or TeO 2 ; 
       Z is B, BR, B(CR 2 ) 3 , B(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , CR, COH, COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, C—I, CNR 1   2 , RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, 1,3,5-(CR 2 ) 3 C 6 H 3 , SiR, SiOH, SiOR 1 , RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , N, N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C═O) 3 , N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , NO, P, As, Sb, Bi, PO, AsO, SbO, BiO, PSe, AsSE, SbSe, BiSe, PTe, AsTe, SbTe or BiTe; 
       R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2  groups is optionally replaced by —R 1 C═CR 1 —, —C≡C—, Si(R 1 ) 2 , Ge(R 1 ) 2 , Sn(R 1 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 1 , —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 1 —, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, where a plurality of substituents R, both on the same ring and on the two different rings, together optionally forms a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; 
       R 1  is the same or different at each instance and is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
       c is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1 
       X is the same or different at each instance and is CR or P; 
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein the symbols and indices T, X, Y, Z, R, R 1 , and c are defined above, 
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
       Q is the same or different at each instance and is O, S, Se, Te or N; 
       wherein the symbols and indices T, X, Y, Z, R, R 1 , and c are defined above, 
       L is the same or different at each instance and is C or P; 
     
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where the symbols and indices L, Q, T, X, Y, Z, R, R 1 , and c are defined above and n is 1 or 2. 
     
   
   
       43 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol M is Al, Ga, In, Sc, Y, La, Ru, Os, Rh, Ir or Au. 
   
   
       44 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol L is C. 
   
   
       45 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol Q=O or S. 
   
   
       46 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol T is N. 
   
   
       47 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol X is CR. 
   
   
       48 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol Z is B, CH, CR 1 , COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, SiR, N, P, PO, RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C=0) 3 , or N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 . 
   
   
       49 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol Y is O or S. 
   
   
       50 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the symbol R is H, F, CI, Br, I, CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 3 to 8 carbon atoms and may be substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, in which a plurality of substituents R, either on the same ring or on the two different rings, together may in turn form a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system. 
   
   
       51 . The compound as claimed in  claims 38 , wherein the polycyclic ring system optionally formed by the R radical(s) corresponds to benzene, 1- or 2-naphthalene, 1-, 2- or 9-anthracene, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridine, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidine, 2-pyrazine, 3- or 4-25 pyridazine, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinoline, 2- or 3-pyrrole, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazole, 2-, 4- or 5-imidazole, 2- or 3-thiophene, 2- or 3-selenophene, 2- or 3-furan, 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazole), indole or carbazole. 
   
   
       52 . A process for preparing the compound as claimed in  claim 42 , which comprises reacting the compounds (42) to (82)
 with metal alkoxides of the formula (83), with metal ketoketonates of the formula (84) or metal halides of the formula (85),   
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       where the symbol R 1  and Hal=F, CI, Br, I. 
     
   
   
       53 . The compound as claimed in  claim 31 , wherein the compound has a purity (determined by means of  1 H NMR and/or HPLC) is more than 99%. 
   
   
       54 . A conjugated, semiconjugated or nonconjugated polymer or dendrimer containing one or more compounds of the structure (1) as claimed in  claim 32  or of the compounds (1) to (41) 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
       wherein 
       M is Al, Ga, In, Tl, P, As, Sb, Bi, Sc, Y, La, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Cu, Au, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu; 
       L is the same or different at each instance and is C, N or P; 
       Q is the same or different at each instance and is O, S, Se, Te or N; 
       T is the same or different at each instance and is N, P or C; 
       X is the same or different at each instance and is CR, N or P; 
       Y is the same or different at each instance and is NR 1 , O, S, Se, Te, SO, SeO, TeO, SO 2 , SeO 2  or TeO 2 ; 
       Z is B, BR, B(CR 2 ) 3 , B(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , CR, COH, COR 1 , CF, CCl, CBr, C—I, CNR 1   2 , RC(CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RC(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RC(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , cis,cis-1,3,5-cyclohexyl, 1,3,5-(CR 2 ) 3 C 6 H 3 , SiR, SiOH, SiOR 1 , RSi(CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , RSi(CR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , RSi(SiR 2 SiR 2 ) 3 , N, N(CR 2 ) 3 , N(C═O) 3 , N(CR 2 CR 2 ) 3 , NO, P, As, Sb, Bi, PO, AsO, SbO, BiO, PSe, AsSE, SbSe, BiSe, PTe, AsTe, SbTe or BiTe; 
       R is the same or different at each instance and is H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2 , CN, a straight-chain or branched or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in which one or more nonadjacent CH 2  groups is optionally replaced by —R 1 C═CR 1 —, —C≡C—, Si(R 1 ) 2 , Ge(R 1 ) 2 , Sn(R 1 ) 2 , C═O, C═S, C═Se, C═NR 1 , —O—, —S—, —NR 1 — or —CONR 1 —, and in which one or more hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced by F, or an aryl or heteroaryl group which has from 1 to 14 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted by one or more nonaromatic R radicals, where a plurality of substituents R, both on the same ring and on the two different rings, together optionally forms a further mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system; 
       R 1  is the same or different at each instance and is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; 
       c is the same or different at each instance and is 0 or 1 and 
       n is 1 or 2. 
     
   
   
       55 . A conjugated, semiconjugated or nonconjugated polymer or dendrimer as claimed in  claim 54 , in which one or more of the R radicals is a bond to the polymer or dendrimer. 
   
   
       56 . The polymer as claimed in  claim 54 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group of polyfluorenes, poly-spiro-bifluorenes, poly-para-phenylenes, polycarbazoles, polyvinylcarbazoles, polythiophenes, or else from copolymers which have a plurality of these units. 
   
   
       57 . The polymer as claimed in  claim 54 , wherein the polymer is soluble in organic solvents. 
   
   
       58 . An electronic component comprising at least one polymer or dendrimer as claimed in  claim 54 . 
   
   
       59 . The electronic component as claimed in  claim 58 , wherein the electronic component is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), organic integrated circuit (O-IC), organic field-effect transistor (OFET), organic thin-film transistor (OTFT), organic solar cell (O-SC) or organic laser diode (O-laser).