Method and equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material

Abstract

Combustible material is supplied to the reaction zone, continuously or in pulses, which the reaction zone is separated from the surrounding atmosphere, and combustible material gradually moves through the reaction zone to the reaction zone outlet, in the same direction as released gases leave the combustible material. The reaction zone is heated to the temperature, the value of which is increasing in the direction to the reaction zone outlet, however, to 12000 C as a maximum. Then, released gases are draught off separately from non-gasified residue. As an advantage, steam and/or water is supplied to combustible material and the combustible material previously charged into the reaction zone moves by acting of subsequently supplied combustible material, where the combustible material is being compressed. The equipment for pyrolytic conversion comprises one filling device ( 1 ), reactor ( 2 ) comprising the reaction zone ( 5 ), at least one heater ( 3, 13 ), and hopper ( 4 ) for non-gasified residue ( 8 ). The reactor ( 2 ) has an elongated shape and its longitudinal axis is deviated from the vertical direction by 45° as a maximum, where the filling device ( 1 ) is located in the lowest part of the reactor ( 2 ) and inlet of hopper ( 4 ) for non-gasified residue ( 8 ) is located in the upper part of the reactor ( 2 ). The reactor ( 2 ) comprises reaction zone ( 5 ), which is in contact with at least one heater ( 3, 13 ). The hopper ( 4 ) for non-gasified residue ( 8 ) is connected to the reactor ( 2 ) above the reaction zone ( 5 ). The horizontal cross-section of the reaction zone ( 5 ) in upwards direction is narrowing in at least one part, and advantageously at least one inlet piping ( 6 ) is led into the reaction zone ( 5 ) as a steam and/or water supply. As an advantage, at least one column ( 9 ) is located inside the reactor ( 2 ), in its elongated direction. Heaters ( 3, 13 ) are electric heating spirals and/or burners. The filling device ( 1 ) includes at least one piston ( 10 ) advantageously has a piston ( 10 ) annular-shaped base, in the centre of which at least one column ( 9 ) or worm is located. Advantageously the worm is whipped around the column ( 9 ). The filling hole ( 14 ) of reactor ( 2 ) is advantageously provided with a rib ( 15 ).

1 . Method of pyrolytic conversion of combustible material characterized in that the invention is that combustible material is supplied to the reaction zone, continuously or in pulses, which the reaction zone is separated from the surrounding atmosphere, after which combustible material is gradually shifted through the reaction zone to the reaction zone outlet, in the same direction as released gases leave the combustible material, and the reaction zone is heated to the temperature, the value of which is increasing in the to direction to the reaction zone outlet, however, to 1200° C. as a maximum and, after passage of combustible material through the reaction zone the released gases are draught off separately from non-gasified residue. 
   
   
       2 . Method claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that water steam and/or water are brought to combustible material before entry into the reaction zone and/or upon its passage through the reaction zone. 
   
   
       3 . Method claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that combustible material previously charged into the reaction zone moves through the reaction zone by acting of subsequently supplied combustible material. 
   
   
       4 . Method claimed in  claim 1  characterized in that combustible material is compressed in at least one section while moving through the reaction zone. 
   
   
       5 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material ( 11 ) to pyrolyzed gas and non-gasified residue ( 8 ), comprising filling device ( 1 ), reactor ( 2 ) comprising the reaction zone ( 5 ) and at least one heater ( 3 ,  13 ) and hopper ( 4 ) for non-gasified residue ( 8 ), characterized in that the reactor ( 2 ) has an elongated shape and its longitudinal axis is deviated from the vertical direction by 45° as a maximum, where the filling device ( 1 ) is located in the lowest part of the reactor ( 2 ) and in let of hopper ( 4 ) for non-gasified residue ( 8 ) is located in the upper part of the reactor ( 2 ), and the reactor ( 2 ) also comprises a reaction zone ( 5 ) which is in contact with at least one heater ( 3 , 13 ), where the hopper ( 4 ) for non-gasified residue ( 8 ) is connected to the reactor ( 2 ) above the reaction zone ( 5 ). 
   
   
       6 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5 , characterized in that the horizontal cross-section of the reaction zone ( 5 ) in upwards direction is narrowing in at least one part. 
   
   
       7 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5  characterized in that at least one inlet piping ( 6 ) is led into the reaction zone ( 5 ) as a steam and/or water supply. 
   
   
       8 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5 , characterized in that at least one column ( 9 ) is located inside the reactor ( 2 ), in its elongated direction. 
   
   
       9 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5 , characterized in that the heaters ( 3 ,  13 ) are electric heating spirals and/or burners. 
   
   
       10 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5 , characterized in that the filling device ( 1 ) comprises at least one piston ( 10 ) which advantageously has an annular-shaped base, in the centre of which at least one column ( 9 ) is located. 
   
   
       11 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5 , characterized in that the filling device ( 1 ) comprises at least one worm ( 7 ), advantageously at least one worm ( 7 ) is whipped around the column ( 9 ). 
   
   
       12 . Equipment for pyrolytic conversion of combustible material claimed in  claim 5 , characterized in that the ( 2 ) filling hole ( 14 ) of reactor ( 2 ) is provided with a rib ( 15 ) advantageously has a rib ( 15 ) conical surface extending in the direction to the reaction zone.