Conductivity-improving additives for fuel

Abstract

A fuel additive composition, fuel comprising said additive, and methods of use thereof are provided. The fuel additive composition comprises a synergistic combination of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant and a compound of the following formula: and tautomers and enantiomers thereof, wherein R 3 is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, and wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) ranges from about 5:1 to about 1:5. The fuel additive composition is present in fuel in an amount sufficient to improve the conductivity properties of the fuel.

1 . A fuel additive composition comprising a synergistic combination of:
 (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, and   (b) a compound of formula (III):   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         and tautomers and enantiomers thereof, 
         wherein R 3  is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, and 
         wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) ranges from about 5:1 to about 1:5. 
       
     
     
         2 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (III) comprises the reaction product of
 (i) a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound; and   (ii) an amine compound or salt thereof of formula (I)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. 
       
     
     
         3 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. 
     
     
         4 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5,000. 
     
     
         5 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes having at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds. 
     
     
         6 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 2 , wherein (ii) comprises a salt of aminoguanidine. 
     
     
         7 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 2 , wherein (ii) comprises a salt of guanidine. 
     
     
         8 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 2 , wherein (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate. 
     
     
         9 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 1 , wherein (a) is present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt. % to about 70 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the additive composition. 
     
     
         10 . The fuel additive composition of  claim 1 , wherein (b) is present in an amount ranging from about 1 wt. % to about 70 wt. %, relative to the total weight of the additive composition. 
     
     
         11 . A fuel composition comprising:
 a major amount of fuel; and   a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising:
 (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, and 
   
       (b) a compound of formula (III): 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           and tautomers and enantiomers thereof, 
         
         wherein R 3  is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, and 
         wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) ranges from about 5:1 to about 1:5. 
       
     
     
         12 . The fuel composition of  claim 11 , wherein the compound of formula (III) comprises the reaction product of
 (i) a hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound; and   (ii) an amine compound or salt thereof of formula (I)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein R is selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. 
       
     
     
         13 . The fuel composition of  claim 11 , wherein the hydrocarbyl carbonyl compound comprises a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. 
     
     
         14 . The fuel composition of  claim 13 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5,000. 
     
     
         15 . The fuel composition of  claim 13 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent comprises a polyisobutylene group derived from high reactivity polyisobutenes having at least 60% or more terminal olefinic double bonds. 
     
     
         16 . The fuel composition of  claim 12 , wherein (ii) comprises a salt of aminoguanidine. 
     
     
         17 . The fuel composition of  claim 12 , wherein (ii) comprises a salt of guanidine. 
     
     
         18 . The fuel composition of  claim 12 , wherein (ii) comprises aminoguanidine bicarbonate. 
     
     
         19 . The fuel composition of  claim 11 , wherein (a) is present in an amount ranging from about 5 ppm to about 500 ppm. 
     
     
         20 . The fuel composition of  claim 11 , wherein (b) is present in an amount ranging from about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm. 
     
     
         21 . The fuel composition of  claim 11 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of antifoam agents, dispersants, detergents, antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, carrier fluids, metal deactivators, dyes, markers, corrosion inhibitors, biocides, antistatic additives, drag reducing agents, friction modifiers, demulsifiers, emulsifiers, dehazers, anti-icing additives, antiknock additives, surfactants, cetane improvers, corrosion inhibitors, cold flow improvers, pour point depressants, solvents, demulsifiers, lubricity additives, extreme pressure agents, viscosity index improvers, seal swell agents, amine stabilizers, combustion improvers, dispersants, conductivity improvers, metal deactivators, marker dyes, organic nitrate ignition accelerators, manganese tricarbonyl compounds, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         22 . A method of improving the conductivity of a fuel comprising:
 combining a major amount of fuel, and a minor amount of a synergistic additive composition comprising:
 (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinimide dispersant, and 
 (b) a compound of formula (III): 
   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           and tautomers and entantiomers thereof, 
         
         wherein R 3  is a hydrocarbyl group having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 100 to about 5000, and 
         wherein the weight ratio of (a) to (b) ranges from about 5:1 to about 1:5.