Thermotherapy application and control system

Abstract

Apparatus for applying thermotherapy to a part of the human or animal body comprising an applicator having a flexible enclosure in which thermal energy transfer fluid can circulate, a connector for connecting the applicator to a control system, an interface layer for providing a thermally conductive interface between the flexible enclosure and a treatment site and, an electrically conductive supporting layer for supporting the interface layer and capable of being energised by an electrical signal from the control system to improve the thermal conductivity of the interface layer. The apparatus also includes a valve unit for connecting the applicator to a control system, a heat exchanger for cooling a thermal energy transfer fluid and a control system for controlling the application of thermotherapy. The apparatus permits manipulation and control of the molecules of the interface layer and a thermal energy transfer fluid to improve the thermal energy transfer efficiency between the applicator and a treatment site.

1 . An applicator for applying thermotherapy to a part of the human or animal body comprising:
 a flexible enclosure in which thermal energy transfer fluid can circulate;   a connector for connecting the applicator to a control system;   an interface layer attached to an outer surface of the flexible enclosure for providing a thermally conductive interface between the flexible enclosure and a part of a human or animal body; and   an electrically conductive supporting layer for supporting the interface layer, and for receiving and electrical signal from the control system.   
   
   
       2 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the electrically conductive supporting layer is positioned within the interface layer. 
   
   
       3 . An applicator according to  claim 1  having a primary, measurement circuit which connects the electrically conductive supporting layer to the connector so that data can be passed from the electrically conductive supporting layer to the control system. 
   
   
       4 . An applicator according to any of  claim 1  having a secondary, driving circuit which connects the electrically conductive supporting layer to the connector so that an electric current may be passed to the electrically conductive supporting layer from the control system. 
   
   
       5 . An applicator according to  claim 1  including an intermediate layer through the flexible enclosure, having a plurality of holes to permit the flow of thermal energy transfer fluid from one side of the intermediate layer to the other. 
   
   
       6 . An applicator according to  claim 1  including a network of flow tubes positioned within the flexible enclosure for directing the flow of a thermal energy transfer fluid through the enclosure to cover as large an area of the enclosure as possible. 
   
   
       7 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the electrically conductive supporting layer is joined to the flexible enclosure to retain the interface layer relative to the enclosure. 
   
   
       8 . An applicator according to  claim 7  wherein the electrically conductive supporting layer is joined to the flexible enclosure adjacent an edge of the interface layer. 
   
   
       9 . An applicator according to  claim 7  wherein the flexible enclosure and electrically conductive supporting layer are joined by welding. 
   
   
       10 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the connector is a snap fit or other quick-release type connector. 
   
   
       11 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein in operation, the electrically conductive supporting layer is energised by a control system to excite the molecules of the interface layer and increase the thermal conductivity of the interface layer. 
   
   
       12 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the interface layer is an elastomer made of a Silicon based gel loaded with particles of Boron Nitride. 
   
   
       13 . An applicator according to  claim 12  wherein the ratio of Silicon based gel to Born Nitride particles is in the range of approximately 0.5 to 0.8 Silicon to the range of approximately 0.5 to 0.2 Boron Nitride particles. 
   
   
       14 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the interface layer is a colloid including electrically conductive particles in suspension and held within a membranous enclosure supported by the electrically conductive supporting layer, and the colloid is activatable in response to an electric current to become more viscous and gel-like. 
   
   
       15 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the interface layer is activatable in response to an ultrasound signal received from the control system to become more thermally conductive. 
   
   
       16 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the interface layer is a colloid held within a membranous enclosure and activatable in response to an ultrasound signal received from the control system to become more viscous and gel-like. 
   
   
       17 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein the supporting layer is a woven mesh of an electrically conductive material. 
   
   
       18 . An applicator according to  claim 17  wherein the supporting layer is made of a fine wire of maraging steel with a Nickel content of approximately 10% to 25%. 
   
   
       19 . An applicator according to  claim 17  wherein the weave is a substantially open weave. 
   
   
       20 . An applicator according to  claim 1  generally shaped to conform to a particular part of the human or animal body. 
   
   
       21 . An applicator according to  claim 1  including a constrictor for constricting the applicator so that it conforms more closely to a particular part of a human or animal body. 
   
   
       22 . An applicator according to  claim 1  wherein a thermal energy transfer fluid suitable for circulation through the enclosure is a non-aqueous fluorinert fluid. 
   
   
       23 . A valve unit for connecting an applicator for applying thermotherapy to a part of the human or animal body to a control system, the valve unit comprising:
 a housing to be received within the connector of the applicator; and   an agitating body moveably coupled to the housing for imparting movement to the thermal energy transfer fluid in the enclosure.   
   
   
       24 . A valve unit according to  claim 23  wherein the agitating body is a rotary thruster. 
   
   
       25 . A valve unit according to  claim 24  wherein the agitating body has a plurality of vanes for imparting movement to the thermal energy transfer fluid. 
   
   
       26 . A valve unit according to  claim 25  wherein the vanes have apertures which allow thermal energy transfer fluid to pass from one side of each vane to the other as the rotary thruster imparts movement of a thermal energy transfer fluid through the flexible enclosure. 
   
   
       27 . A heat exchanger for varying the thermal energy of a thermal energy transfer fluid to be circulated through an applicator for applying thermotherapy to a part of the human or animal body, the heat exchanger comprising:
 a casing defining a flow path for a thermal energy transfer fluid; and   a heat sink having a plurality of irregularly positioned and/or irregularly shaped projections which extend into the flow path for the thermal energy transfer fluid;   wherein in use, the irregularly positioned and/or irregularly shaped projections disturb the flow of the thermal energy transfer fluid through the flow path to create turbulent, non-laminar fluid flow.   
   
   
       28 . A heat exchanger according to  claim 27  further including a thermal energy source coupled to the heat sink for varying the temperature of the thermal energy transfer fluid flowing along the fluid flow path past the projections of the heat sink. 
   
   
       29 . A control system for controlling an applicator for applying thermotherapy to a part of the human or animal body, the control system comprising:
 a connector for connecting the control system to the applicator connector;   an electrical current source for energising the electrically responsive supporting layer; and   a controller for controlling the properties of current flowing from the current source.   
   
   
       30 . A control system according to  claim 29  wherein the controller includes an oscillator for supplying a modulated current source to the electrically responsive supporting layer. 
   
   
       31 . A control system according to  claim 29  including an ultrasound generator controlled by the controller for supplying an ultrasound signal to the interface layer of the applicator to change the state of the interface material and cause it to become more viscous and gel-like.