Prefabricated panel for building construction and process for manufacturing such a panel

Abstract

Prefabricated panel ( 1 ) for building construction that includes a core ( 2 ) that is made of insulating material and that is covered on its two faces by a uniform concrete layer ( 3 A, 3 B), and in which there are provided, close to one face of the plate, housings ( 4 ) for struts ( 5 ) that project at one end for the purpose of sealing them against the ground, and, on the opposite face of the plate, housings ( 7 ) for reinforcement elements ( 8 ) extending between two parallel edges of the panel ( 1 ) and projecting beyond these edges so as to constitute a belt element, in the assembled state of the panel ( 1 ) with adjacent panels ( 21, 22 ). The prefabricated pane is useful for the construction of outer walls of a building with a very light structure.

1 . Prefabricated panel ( 1 ) for building construction that comprises a core ( 2 ) that is full of insulating material in the form of a plate that is covered on its two faces by a uniform concrete layer ( 3 A,  3 B), characterized in that in said plate that forms the core ( 2 ), there are provided:
 On the one hand, close to one face of the plate, a first series of housings ( 4 ) for reinforcement elements ( 5 ) constituting struts when the panel is set up on the ground, whereby at least one of their ends ( 18 ) projects for the purpose of sealing them against the ground, and   On the other hand, on the opposite face of the plate, a second series of housings ( 7 ) for reinforcement elements ( 8 ) extending between two parallel edges of the panel ( 1 ) and projecting beyond these edges so as to constitute a belt element, in the assembled state of said panel ( 1 ) with adjacent panels ( 21 ,  22 ).   
   
   
       2 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein
 the first series of housings ( 4 ) and the second series of housings ( 7 ) are free of communication zone between them so as to avoid the formation of thermal bridges.   
   
   
       3 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein the housings ( 4 ,  7 ) are made in the form of grooves whose longitudinal axes are orthogonal from one series to the next. 
   
   
       4 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement elements ( 5 ,  8 ) are metal elements. 
   
   
       5 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement elements ( 5 ,  8 ) are also used as a support to a preferably metal trellis ( 6 ,  9 ), arranged parallel to each face of the plate that forms the core ( 2 ) of the panel in the immediate proximity of the latter. 
   
   
       6 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein the sections ( 11 ) of the panel ( 1 ) are at least partially beveled to adapt to the adjacent panels ( 21 ,  22 ) by forming an assembly of the groove-assembly type, whereby the assembly is interrupted to provide a free-angle zone ( 12 ) that allows the belt elements of two adjacent panels to be connected. 
   
   
       7 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein the core ( 2 ) is made of preferably high-density expanded polystyrene. 
   
   
       8 . Panel according to  claim 1 , wherein the faces of the plate that form the core ( 2 ) have striated surfaces for a better adhesion of the concrete to the latter. 
   
   
       9 . Assembly of prefabricated panels for building construction according to  claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement elements ( 8 ) extending between two edges parallel of the panel ( 1 ) are housed in horizontal grooves that are made in the core ( 2 ) of the panel, on its face turned toward the outside of the building, so as—after connection of the projecting ends of the reinforcement elements of adjacent panels—to form a horizontal girdle of the construction, by thus constituting a self-supporting-type structure. 
   
   
       10 . Process for manufacturing a prefabricated panel according to  claim 1 , comprising the following successive stages:
 Cutting of an expanded polystyrene plate by providing, on the one hand, a first series of grooves that are parallel to one another on one face of the plate and, on the other hand, a second series of parallel grooves on the other face of the plate, whereby the longitudinal axes of the grooves are orthogonal from one series to the next and partially beveled sections of the plate,   Incorporation of reinforcement elements ( 5 ,  8 ) in their respective grooves, by allowing their projecting ends beyond the edges of the plate,   Attachment of a preferably metal trellis ( 6 ,  9 ) on each face of the plate, with hooking of said framework on the reinforcement elements ( 5 ,  8 ), so as to form a reinforced plate,   Pouring a uniform layer of self-smoothing concrete on one face of said reinforced plate and then drying the concrete,   Pouring a uniform layer of self-smoothing concrete on the other face of said reinforced plate and then drying the concrete.   
   
   
       11 . Process for building construction using prefabricated panels according to  claim 1 , and also comprising:
 The vertical placement of each panel and the sealing against the ground of the projecting ends ( 18 ) of the reinforcement elements ( 5 ) that form vertical struts, housings ( 7 ) of the belt elements that are found arranged horizontally on the face of the panel rotated toward the outside of the building to be constructed,   Drawing-together and contact of the beveled sections ( 11 ) of adjacent panels,   Installation of the connection between the corresponding projecting ends of the belt elements that are arranged horizontally, at the free-angle zones ( 12 ) between the adjacent panels, by creating a complete belt of the construction.   
   
   
       12 . Process according to  claim 11 , wherein a preferably metal vertical framework, with which the projecting ends of the horizontal reinforcement elements ( 8 ) are made integral, is arranged in the free-angle zone ( 12 ) between two adjacent panels. 
   
   
       13 . Process according to  claim 11 , wherein a formwork ( 14 ) that makes it possible to pour the concrete there is arranged around the free-angle zone ( 12 ) between two adjacent panels. 
   
   
       14 . Building constructed by the process according to  claim 11 , wherein the outer walls consist of an assembly of prefabricated panels ( 1 ,  21 ,  22 ) according to  claim 9 . 
   
   
       15 . Process according to  claim 12 , wherein a formwork ( 14 ) that makes it possible to pour the concrete there is arranged around the free-angle zone ( 12 ) between two adjacent panels. 
   
   
       16 . Panel according to  claim 2 , wherein the housings ( 4 ,  7 ) are made in the form of grooves whose longitudinal axes are orthogonal from one series to the next.