Fuel composition with enhanced low temperature properties

Abstract

Disclosed herein is a fuel oil composition comprising a renewable fuel or a blend of petroleum based fuels with renewable fuels, also containing an additives composition to enhance the base and combined fuel's resistance to forming insoluble particulates upon storage at diminished operating temperatures. Further described is the additive package used to inhibit particulate formation.

1 ) A fuel oil composition comprising;
 a) a petroleum based component;   b) a renewable based component; and   c) a particulate inhibiting additive composition.   
   
   
       2 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component is selected from the group consisting of a middle distillate fuel, a jet fuel, and a Fischer-Tropsch fuel. 
   
   
       3 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component comprises less than about 500 ppm by mass of sulfur. 
   
   
       4 ) The composition of  claim 3 , wherein said petroleum based component comprises less than about 15 ppm by mass of sulfur. 
   
   
       5 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 0.1% to about 99.9% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       6 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 1% to about 98% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       7 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 2% to about 95% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       8 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 2% to about 80% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       9 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said petroleum based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 2% to about 50% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       10 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based component is selected from the group consisting of a product produced from the trans esterification of naturally occurring whole oils derived from plants or animals, with an alcohol; or from the esters formed by reacting a fatty acid derived from a naturally occurring oils with an alcohol. 
   
   
       11 ) The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said naturally occurring oils are selected from the group consisting of Soy, Palm, Palm Kernel, Jetropha, Rapeseed, Linseed, Coconut, Corn, Cotton, Cooking, Sunflower, Safflower, Tallow, Lard, Yellow Grease, Fish Oils and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       12 ) The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said naturally occurring oil is Rapeseed or blends thereof with other naturally occurring oils. 
   
   
       13 ) The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said naturally occurring oil is or blends thereof with other naturally occurring oils. 
   
   
       14 ) The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said alcohol is selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, alkyl, aromatic, primary, secondary, tertiary, and polyols. 
   
   
       15 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 0.1% to about 99.9% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       16 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 1% to about 50% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       17 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said renewable based component is present in the fuel oil composition between about 2% to about 25% v/v of fuel oil composition. 
   
   
       18 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein particulate inhibiting additive composition comprises one or more of:
 a) Agglomeration Retarder   b) Particulate Dispersants   c) Particulate Settling Inhibitor or   d) Compatibility Enhancer   
   
   
       19 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Agglomeration Retarder is prepared from monomers selected from the group consisting of monomers represented by general formulas I and II: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 R=a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; 
 R 1 =H, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms; 
 R 2 =a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted C 1-8  alkyl group; and 
 R 3 =a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted C 1-8  alkyl group; or 
 R 2  and R 3  together with the connected carbon atom represent an optionally substituted cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene ring having 5-20 carbon ring atoms; 
 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 R=a hydrogen atom, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms 
 R′, R″=a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted, C 1-8  alkyl group 
 R 1 =H, or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms 
 x=between 0-5 
 n=between 1 and 100. 
 
   
   
       20 ) The composition of  claim 1   9 , wherein the proportions of the monomers selected from the general formula I is 100% of the polymer. 
   
   
       21 ) The composition of  claim 19 , wherein the proportions of monomers selected from the general formula II is 100% of the polymer. 
   
   
       22 ) The composition of  claim 19 , wherein the proportions of monomers selected from the general formula I and II can be varied to meet required properties, with the total adding up to 100%. 
   
   
       23 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Agglomeration Retarder is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.0% to about 80.0 % v/v of the additive composition, 
   
   
       24 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Agglomeration Retarder is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.1% to about 70.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       25 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Agglomeration Retarder is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 10.0% to about 65.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       26 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Agglomeration Retarder is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 20.0% to about 60.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       27 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersant is selected from the group consisting of:
 (i) substituted amines   (ii) acylating nitrogen compound, and   (iii) nitrogen-containing condensates of a phenol and an aldehyde.   
   
   
       28 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersant is a hydrocarbyl Amine. 
   
   
       29 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersant is an aromatic amine or an aromatic polyamines. 
   
   
       30 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersant is a poly amine or polyamine alkoxylate. 
   
   
       31 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersant is derived from combination of a carboxylic acid acylating agent and an amino compound to form an imido, amido, amidine or acyloxy ammonium compound. 
   
   
       32 ) The composition of  claim 31 , wherein said acylating agent and said an amino compound contain from about 10 to 200 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       33 ) The composition of  claim 31 , wherein said acylating agent and said an amino compound contain from about 20 to 100 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       34 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersant is a combination of any two or more of a substituted amine, an acylated nitrogen compound, and nitrogen-containing condensates of a phenol and an aldehyde. 
   
   
       35 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersants is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.0% to about 70.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       36 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersants is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.1% to about 60.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       37 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersants is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 10.0% to about 55.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       38 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Dispersants is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 20.0% to about 50.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       39 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Settling Inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:
 i) hydrocarbon polymers,   ii) oxyalkylene polymers, and   iii) Nitrogen containing polymers,   
   
   
       40 ) The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said hydrocarbon polymers is selected from the group consisting of polymers represented by the general formula: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein
 R=H, hydrocarbyl, or hydrocarbylene with from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or aryl or Q; 
 Q=R, COOR, OCOR, COOH, or OR; 
 S=H or Q; 
 T=H, R, COOR, or an aryl or heterocyclic group; 
 U=H, COOR, OCOR, OR, or COOH; 
 V=H, R, COOR, OCOR, COOH, or COOH; and 
 x and y represent mole fractions (x/y)of monomers, preferably within the range of from about 2.5 to about 0.4. 
 
   
   
       41 ) The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said oxyalkylene polymers is selected from the group consisting of esters, ethers and ester/ether polymers represented by general formulas: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R and R′ may be the same or different, and wherein
 R, R′=n-alkyl-, n-alkyl-CO—, n-alkyl-O-CO(CH2)x-, or n-alkyl-O-CO(CH2)x-CO—; 
 D=polyalkylene; and 
 x is an integer from 1 to 60. 
 
   
   
       42 ) The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said Nitrogen containing polymers is selected from the group consisting of amide, imide, imidazoline, carbamate, urea, imine, and enamine derivatives of primary or secondary amines. 
   
   
       43 ) The composition of  claim 39 , wherein said Nitrogen containing polymers is selected from the group consisting of amide, imide, imidazoline, carbamate, urea, imine, and enamine derivatives of polyamines. 
   
   
       44 ) The composition of  claim 43 , wherein said polyamines are represented by general formulas: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein:
 R, R′ can be a linear alkyl, a branched alkyl containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, aromatic, cyclic, polycyclic, poly alkoxy, or carbonyl; 
 R,R′ alternatively contain hetero atoms such as O, N, S, and P; 
 R′ and R′ alternatively are incorporated in a ring system containing 3-12 members; 
 x can be 1-6; and 
 y can be 1-6. 
 
   
   
       45 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Settling Inhibitor is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.0% to about 70.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       46 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Settling Inhibitor is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.0% to about 60.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       47 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Settling Inhibitor is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 10.0% to about 55.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       48 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Particulate Settling Inhibitor is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 20.0% to about 50.0% wt/wt of the additive composition. 
   
   
       49 )  49  The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Compatibility Enhancer is selected from the group consisting of: monofunctional alcohols, glycols, polyols, esters, ethers, glycol ether acetates, ketones, glycol ethers, amides, amines, nitro compounds and combinations of two or more thereof. 
   
   
       50 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Compatibility Enhancer is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 0.0% to about 80.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       51 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Compatibility Enhancer is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 10.0% to about 80.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       52 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Compatibility Enhancer is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 10.0% to about 70.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       53 ) The composition of  claim 18 , wherein said Compatibility Enhancer is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 10.0% to about 60.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       54 ) The composition of  claim 1   8 , wherein said Compatibility Enhancer is present in the particulate inhibiting additive composition between about 20.0% to about 60.0% v/v of the additive composition. 
   
   
       55 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate inhibiting additive composition is present in the renewable component (B100) in the range of about 200 mg/l to about 8000 mg/l; or in the fuel oil blend (renewable fuel petroleum fuel blend) in the range of about 200 mg/l to about 8000 mg/l based on content of the renewable fuel component in the fuel oil blend. 
   
   
       56 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate inhibiting additive composition is present in the renewable component (B 100) in the range of about 500 mg/l to about 6000 mg/l; or in the fuel oil blend (renewable fuel petroleum fuel blend) in the range of about 500 mg/l to about 6000 mg/l based on content of the renewable fuel component in the fuel oil blend. 
   
   
       57 ) The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said particulate inhibiting additive composition is present in the renewable component (B100) in the range of about 1000 mg/l to about 4000 mg/l; or in the fuel oil blend (renewable fuel petroleum fuel blend) in the range of about 1000 mg/l to about 4000 mg/l based on content of the renewable fuel component in the fuel oil blend. 
   
   
       58 ) The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of: (a) low temperature operability/cold flow additives, (b) corrosion inhibitors, (c) cetane improvers, (d) detergents, (e) lubricity improvers, (f) dyes or markers, (g) anti-icing additives, (h) demulsifiers/anti haze additives, (i) antioxidants, (j) metal deactivators, (k) biocides, (l) thermal stabilizers (m) antifoaming agents, (n) static dissipater additives, and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       59 ) A method of retarding particulate formation in renewable fuels and blends of renewable fuels and petroleum fuels comprising: treating the fuel or blend with a particulate inhibiting additive composition. 
   
   
       60 ) A method for operating an internal combustion engine using a fuel comprising a petroleum based component, a renewable based component, and a particulate inhibiting additive composition.