Use of solubilizers for homogenizing additive concentrates

Abstract

A cold-stabilized fuel oil composition comprising a major proportion by weight of a middle distillate fuel which boils in the range of 120-500° C. and minor proportions by weight of (A) at least one cold flow improver, (B) at least one detergent additive and (C) at least one cold solubilizer I which has at least one radical having at least 4 carbon atoms.

1 . The use of at least one solubilizer of the general formula I 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
 R 1  denotes a hydrocarbylene radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene radical which has from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms selected from the group of O, S and N, and may in each case bear one or more functional groups selected from the group of OH, OR 3 , NH 2 , NHR 4 , NR 4 R 5 , COOH, COOR 7 , CONHR 4  and CONR 4 R 5 , where amino groups may also be present in protonated form and carboxylic acid groups also in deprotonated form, 
 X is OH, OR 3 , NH 2 , NHR 4  or NR 4 R 5 , where, in the case that X together with the adjacent carbonyl group is a carboxylic acid radical, this radical is present in deprotonated form and the accompanying cation may be a hydrocarbyl-substituted ammonium cation selected from the group of [H 3 NR 8 ] + , [H 2 NR 8 R 9 ] +  and [HNR 8 R 9 R 10 ] + , 
 Y is O, S, NH or NR 6 , or, in the case that X is NH 2  or NHR 4 , is a chemical bond to X with formation of an imide structure, 
 where R 2  to R 10  are each independently hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, 
 with the proviso that at least one of the R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and R 7  radicals has at least 4 carbon atoms, 
 for homogenizing additive concentrates suitable for additizing fuel oil compositions which consist predominantly of a middle distillate fuel which boils in the range of 120-500° C. and/or a renewable fuel, said additive concentrates comprising 
 (A) at least one cold flow improver, 
 (B) at least one detergent additive and 
 (C) an inert organic solvent or a mixture of such solvents. 
 
   
   
       2 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claim 1  for homogenizing additive concentrates which additionally comprise
 (D) at least one cetane number improver.   
   
   
       3 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claim 1  or  2  for homogenizing additive concentrates which comprise
 (A) from 1 to 50% by weight of at least one cold flow improver,   (B) from 0.5 to 40% by weight of at least one detergent additive,   (C) from 0 to 80% by weight of at least one cetane number improver, and   (D) from 1 to 60% by weight of an inert organic solvent or of a mixture of such solvents.   
   
   
       4 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  3  for homogenizing additive concentrates in an amount of from 1.05 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the additive concentrate. 
   
   
       5 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  4  for homogenizing additive concentrates comprising, as a cold flow improver, one or more representatives selected from
 (Aa) copolymers of ethylene with at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer;   (Ab) comb polymers;   (Ac) polyoxyalkylenes;   (Ad) polar nitrogen compounds;   (Ae) sulfocarboxylic acids or sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof; and/or (Af) poly(meth)acrylic esters.   
   
   
       6 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claim 5  for homogenizing additive concentrates, comprising, as a cold flow improver, one or more representatives selected from
 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers;   ethylene-vinyl propionate copolymers;   N,N-dialkylammonium salts of 2-N′,N′-dialkylamidobenzoates;   the reaction products of 1 mol of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with 4 mol of a dialkylamine;   the reaction products of 1 mol of nitrilotriacetic acid with 3 mol of a dialkylamine;   the reaction products of 1 mol of phthalic anhydride with 2 mol of a dialkylamine;   the reaction products of 1 mol of an alkenyl-spiro-bislactone with 2 mol of a dialkylamine;   C 12 - to C 18 -alkyl fumarate-vinyl acetate or C 12 - to C 18 -alkyl fumarate-styrene comb polymers; and/or   C 14 - to C 20 -alkyl itaconate comb polymers.   
   
   
       7 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  6  for homogenizing additive concentrates, comprising, as detergent additive (B), one or more amphiphilic substances which have at least one hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of from 85 to 20 000 and at least one polar moiety which is selected from
 (Ba) mono- or polyamino groups having up to 6 nitrogen atoms, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties;   (Bb) nitro groups, if appropriate in combination with hydroxyl groups;   (Bc) hydroxyl groups in combination with mono- or polyamino groups, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties;   (Bd) carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts;   (Be) sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts;   (Bf) polyoxy-C 2 -C 4 -alkylene moieties which are terminated by hydroxyl groups, mono- or polyamino groups, at least one nitrogen atom having basic properties, or by carbamate groups;   (Bg) carboxylic ester groups;   (Bh) moieties which derive from succinic anhydride and have hydroxyl and/or amino and/or amido and/or imido groups; and/or   (Bi) moieties obtained by Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines.   
   
   
       8 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claim 7  for homogenizing additive concentrates, comprising, as detergent additive (B), one or more derivatives which derive from polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride and have amino and/or amido and/or imido groups. 
   
   
       9 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  8  for homogenizing additive concentrates in which the inert organic solvents (C) are selected from hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic esters or mixtures thereof. 
   
   
       10 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 2  to  9  for homogenizing additive concentrates in which the at least one cetane number improver (D) is selected from organic nitrates. 
   
   
       11 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  10  for homogenizing additive concentrates where at least one of the R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  or R 7  radicals in said solubilizer has at least 10 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       12 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  10  for homogenizing additive concentrates, where X in said solubilizer is OH. 
   
   
       13 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  12  for homogenizing additive concentrates, said solubilizer deriving from maleic acid or phthalic acid. 
   
   
       14 . The use of at least one solubilizer I according to  claims 1  to  13  for homogenizing additive concentrates, said solubilizer being a monoamide of maleic acid or of phthalic acid, in which at least one of the R 2  or R 6  radicals has at least 10 carbon atoms. 
   
   
       15 . An additive concentrate suitable for additizing fuel oil compositions which consist predominantly of a middle distillate fuel which boils in the range of 120-500° C. and/or a renewable fuel, said additive concentrate comprising at least one solubilizer of the general formula I 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     in which
 R 1  denotes a hydrocarbylene radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbylene radical which has from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, is interrupted by one or more heteroatoms selected from the group of O, S and N, and may in each case bear one or more functional groups selected from the group of OH, OR 3 , NH 2 , NHR 4 , NR 4 R 5 , COOH, COOR 7 , CONHR 4  and CONR 4 R 5 , where amino groups may also be present in protonated form and carboxylic acid groups also in deprotonated form, 
 X is OH, OR 3 , NH 2 , NHR 4  or NR 4 R 5 , where, in the case that X together with the adjacent carbonyl group is a carboxylic acid radical, this radical is present in deprotonated form and the accompanying cation may be a hydrocarbyl-substituted ammonium cation selected from the group of [H 3 NR 8 ] + , [H 2 NR 8 R 9 ] +  and [HNR 8 R 9 R 10 ] + , 
 Y is O, S, NH or NR 6 , or, in the case that X is NH 2  or NHR 4 , is a chemical bond to X with formation of an imide structure, 
 where R 2  to R 10  are each independently hydrocarbyl radicals having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, 
 with the proviso that at least one of the R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6  and R 7  radicals has at least 4 carbon atoms, 
 in an amount of from 1.05 to 15% by weight, based on the total amount of the additive concentrate, and 
 (A) at least one cold flow improver, 
 (B) at least one detergent additive and 
 (C) an inert organic solvent or a mixture of such solvents.