Absorber and absorber-evaporator

Abstract

Absorbers for a lithium bromide absorption machine are described. These systems may include a storage tank; a plurality of sprinklers, situated inside the storage tank, and adapted to receive a hot and concentrated lithium bromide solution, and to project the hot and concentrated solution inside the storage tank where the hot and concentrated solution is diluted to produced a diluted solution; a feed pump adapted to export the diluted solution from the absorber; a heat exchanger, positioned outside the storage tank and configured to cool the diluted solution; and a recirculation pump, configured to cause the diluted solution to be communicated from the storage tank to the heat exchanger, and to be returned from the heat exchanger to the plurality of sprinklers in a continuous recirculation process.

1 . An absorber for a lithium bromide absorption machine, comprising:
 a storage tank;   a plurality of sprinklers, situated inside the storage tank, and adapted to receive a hot and concentrated lithium bromide solution, and to project the hot and concentrated solution inside the storage tank where the hot and concentrated solution is diluted to produced a diluted solution;   a feed pump adapted to export the diluted solution from the absorber;   a heat exchanger, positioned outside the storage tank and configured to cool the diluted solution; and   a recirculation pump, configured to cause the diluted solution to be communicated from the storage tank to the heat exchanger, and to be returned from the heat exchanger to the plurality of sprinklers in a continuous recirculation process.   
   
   
       2 . The absorber of  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a solution-air heat exchanger. 
   
   
       3 . The absorber of  claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a solution-water heat exchanger. 
   
   
       4 . The absorber of  claim 1 , wherein each of the sprinklers in the plurality of sprinklers comprises a nozzle with an oval shape, adapted to spray the solution in the form of a flat sheet with an essentially triangular fan-type shape 
   
   
       5 . The absorber of  claim 4 , wherein the nozzles are arranged in such a way that the flat sheets are projected in parallel. 
   
   
       6 . The apparatus of  claim 1  further configured to operate as a single effect lithium bromide absorption machine, the apparatus further comprising:
 a heat generator, including a heating chamber adapted to heat a lithium bromide-water solution;   a heat recuperator situated between the heat generator and the absorber, configured to transfer heat from the hot and concentration solution that comes out of the generator to a diluted solution that comes from the absorber preheating the diluted solution, before the diluted solution is supplied to the heat generator;   a pressure reduction valve situated between the heat recuperator and the absorber;   a condenser connected to the heat generator, the condersor configured to condense water vapour produced in the heat generator;   an evaporator connected to the absorber, the evaporator configured to introduce a second water vapour into the absorber; and   an expansion valve which connects the condenser to the evaporator.   
   
   
       7 . The apparatus of  claim 1  further configured to operate as a double effect lithium bromide absorption machine, the apparatus further comprising:
 a high pressure generator, configured to heat a lithium bromide-water solution;   a low pressure generator, connected to the high pressure generator, configured to heat the lithium bromide-water solution;   a high pressure recuperator in communication with the high pressure generator, adapted to send the hot and concentrated solution from the high pressure generator to the absorber;   a low pressure recuperator in communication with the low pressure generator, adapted to send the hot and concentrated solution from the low pressure generator to the absorber;   a first pressure reduction valve in communication with the high pressure generator;   a second pressure reduction valve in communication with the low pressure generator;   a solution distribution valve, situated between the feed pump, the low pressure recuperator, and the high pressure recuperator;   a condenser connected to the high pressure generator which condenses water vapour produced in the high pressure generator,   a sub-cooler adjacent to the condenser and connected to the low pressure generator,   an evaporator connected to the absorber and adapted to introduce second water vapour into the absorber;   a high pressure expansion valve, situated between the evaporator and the condenser, and between the evaporator and the sub-cooler; and   a low pressure expansion valve, situated between the evaporator and the condenser, and between the evaporator and the sub-cooler.   
   
   
       8 . The apparatus of  claim 7  further configured to operate as a combined use lithium bromide absorption machine, the apparatus further comprising:
 a second generator;   a second recuperator;   a connection valve between the second generator and the condenser;   a return valve, situated between the second recuperator and a branch that runs from the solution distribution valve to the feed pump;   a circulation valve, which connects the low pressure generator to the sub-cooler; and   a second circulation valve, which connects the low pressure generator to the condenser.   
   
   
       9 . The apparatus of  claim 8 , wherein the second generator is configured to use a renewable source of energy. 
   
   
       10 . An absorber-evaporator assembly, comprising:
 a storage tank;   a plurality of sprinklers, situated inside the storage tank, and adapted to receive a hot and concentrated lithium bromide solution, and to project the hot and concentrated solution inside the storage tank where the hot and concentrated solution is diluted to produced a diluted solution;   a feed pump adapted to export the diluted solution from the absorber;   a heat exchanger, positioned outside the storage tank and configured to cool the diluted solution;   a recirculation pump, configured to cause the diluted solution to be communicated from the storage tank to the heat exchanger, and to be returned from the heat exchanger to the plurality of sprinklers in a continuous recirculation process;   an evaporator in the storage tank; and   an isolating vertical separating wall fitted in the storage tank, the wall defining an evaporation chamber including the evaporator and an absorption chamber, the evaporation chamber and the absorption chamber in communication at an upper part.   
   
   
       11 . The absorber-evaporator assembly of  claim 10 , wherein the heat exchanger is a solution-air heat exchanger. 
   
   
       12 . The absorber-evaporator assembly of  claim 10 , wherein the heat exchanger is a solution-water heat exchanger. 
   
   
       13 . The absorber-evaporator assembly of  claim 10 , wherein each of the sprinklers in the row of sprinklers comprises a nozzle with an oval shape, adapted to spray the solution in the form of a flat sheet with an essentially triangular fan-type configuration. 
   
   
       14 . The absorber-evaporator assembly of  claim 13 , wherein the nozzles are arranged in such a way that the flat sheets are projected in parallel. 
   
   
       15 . The absorber-evaporator assembly of  claim 11 , wherein:
 the absorption chamber includes a collector adapted to receive the hot and concentrated solution, and to receive a recirculation line; and   the plurality of sprinklers are mounted to the collector.   
   
   
       16 . The apparatus of  claim 10  further configured to operate as a single effect lithium bromide absorption machine, the apparatus further comprising:
 a heat generator with a heating chamber adapted to heat the lithium bromide-water solution,   a heat recuperator situated between the heat generator and the absorber-evaporator assembly, configured to transfer heat from a hot and concentrated solution that comes out of the generator to a diluted solution that comes from the absorber-evaporator assembly, preheating the diluted solution, before feeding the diluted solution to the heat generator;   a pressure reduction valve situated between the heat recuperator and the absorber-evaporator assembly;   a condenser connected to the heat generator configured to condense water vapour produced in the heat generator, and   an expansion valve which connects the condenser to the absorber-evaporator assembly.   
   
   
       17 . The apparatus of  claim 10 , further configured to operate as a double effect lithium bromide absorption machine, the apparatus further comprising:
 a high pressure generator configured to heat the lithium bromide-water solution;   a low pressure generator, connected to the high pressure generator, configured to heat the lithium bromide-water solution,   a high pressure recuperator in communication with the high pressure generator, adapted to send the hot and concentrated solution from the high pressure generator to the absorber-evaporator assembly;   a low pressure recuperator in communication with the low pressure generator, adapted to send the hot and concentrated solution from the low pressure generator to the absorber-evaporator assembly;   a first pressure reduction valve in communication with the high pressure generator;   a second pressure reduction valve in communication with the low pressure generator;   a solution distribution valve situated between the feed pump, the high pressure recuperator, and the low pressure recuperator;   a condenser connected to the high pressure generator which condenses water vapour produced in the high pressure generator;   a sub-cooler adjacent to the condenser and connected to the low pressure generator;   a high pressure expansion valve, situated between the absorber-evaporator assembly and the condenser, and between the absorber-evaporator assembly and the sub-cooler; and   a low pressure expansion valve, situated between the absorber-evaporator assembly and the condenser, and between the absorber-evaporator assembly and the sub-cooler.   
   
   
       18 . The apparatus of  claim 17  further configured to operate as a combined use lithium bromide absorption machine, the apparatus further comprising:
 a second generator;   a second recuperator;   a connection valve between the second generator the condenser;   a return valve, situated between the second recuperator and a branch that runs from the solution distribution valve to the feed pump;   a circulation valve, which connects the low pressure generator to the sub-cooler; and   a second circulation, which connects the low pressure generator to the condenser.   
   
   
       19 . The apparatus of  claim 18 , wherein the second generator is configured to use a renewable source of energy.