US2009260279A1PendingUtilityA1

Biodiesel and diesel compositions

39
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Apr 17, 2008Filed: Apr 17, 2008Published: Oct 22, 2009
Est. expiryApr 17, 2028(~1.7 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:William H. Klausmeier
C10L 1/10C10L 1/1266C10L 1/231C10L 1/328C10L 1/125C10L 1/1824C10L 1/191C10L 10/02
39
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Claims

Abstract

A biodiesel or diesel composition for use in internal-combustion engines has an alcohol component, a water component, and a cetane-enhancer component. An anhydrous emulsifier component may be either a glyceryl monooleate or ammonium oleate, and is present in an amount effective for the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components to form an emulsion. The fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the fuel composition, relative to fuel alone.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A biodiesel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the biodiesel composition comprising:
 a biodiesel fuel component;   an alcohol component;   a water component;   an anhydrous emulsifier component chosen from the group consisting of glyceryl monooleate and ammonium oleate, being present in an amount effective for the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components to form an emulsion; and   a cetane-enhancer component.   
   
   
       2 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alcohol has one to four carbons. 
   
   
       3 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 2 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol. 
   
   
       4 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is aqueous alcohol. 
   
   
       5 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the biodiesel composition, relative to biodiesel fuel alone. 
   
   
       6 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of particulates by a threshold amount upon combustion of the biodiesel composition, relative to biodiesel fuel alone. 
   
   
       7 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 6 , wherein the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components also are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the biodiesel composition, relative to biodiesel fuel alone. 
   
   
       8 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 7 , wherein the polyol fatty acid esters and polyol fatty alcohol ethers include monoglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. 
   
   
       9 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 8 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of arachidic, elaidic acid, erucic acid, gadoleic acid, margaroleic acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 
   
   
       10 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 9 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid. 
   
   
       11 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 10 , wherein at least about half of the monoglycerides are end substituted. 
   
   
       12 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 8 , wherein at least about half of the monoglycerides are end substituted. 
   
   
       13 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to form an emulsion containing no more than about 90% biodiesel fuel. 
   
   
       14 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to form micelles in which a substantially monomolecular layer of emulsifier component surrounds a substantially alcohol/water core. 
   
   
       15 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel composition is fluid at room temperature. 
   
   
       16 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel composition is suspended in air to form an aerosol. 
   
   
       17 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel composition has a viscosity of less than about 10 millipascals. 
   
   
       18 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a small amount of one or more additives selected from the following group: thermal stabilizers, and combustion modifiers. 
   
   
       19 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier component consists essentially of a single species selected from the group consisting of noncyclic polyol fatty acid esters and noncyclic polyol fatty alcohol ethers. 
   
   
       20 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier component is made substantially of glyceryl-α-monooleate. 
   
   
       21 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 2 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of envirolene, n-butanol and isopropanol. 
   
   
       22 . A diesel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the diesel composition comprising:
 a diesel fuel component;   an alcohol component;   a water component;   an anhydrous emulsifier component chosen from the group consisting of glyceryl monooleate and ammonium oleate, being present in an amount effective for the diesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components to form an emulsion; and   a cetane-enhancer component.   
   
   
       23 . The diesel composition of  claim 2 , wherein the alcohol has one to four carbons. 
   
   
       24 . The diesel composition of  claim 23 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol. 
   
   
       25 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the alcohol is aqueous alcohol. 
   
   
       26 . The diesel composition of  claim 2 , wherein the diesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the diesel composition, relative to diesel fuel alone. 
   
   
       27 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the diesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of particulates by a threshold amount upon combustion of the diesel composition, relative to diesel fuel alone. 
   
   
       28 . The diesel composition of  claim 27 , wherein the diesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components also are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the diesel composition, relative to diesel fuel alone. 
   
   
       29 . The diesel composition of  claim 28 , wherein the polyol fatty acid esters and polyol fatty alcohol ethers include monoglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. 
   
   
       30 . The diesel composition of  claim 29 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of arachidic, elaidic acid, erucic acid, gadoleic acid, margaroleic acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 
   
   
       31 . The diesel composition of  claim 30 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid. 
   
   
       32 . The diesel composition of  claim 31 , wherein at least about half of the monoglycerides are end substituted. 
   
   
       33 . The diesel composition of  claim 29 , wherein at least about half of the monoglycerides are end substituted. 
   
   
       34 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the diesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to form an emulsion containing no more than about 90% diesel fuel. 
   
   
       35 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the diesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to form micelles in which a substantially monomolecular layer of emulsifier component surrounds a substantially alcohol/water core. 
   
   
       36 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the diesel composition is fluid at room temperature. 
   
   
       37 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the diesel composition is suspended in air to form an aerosol. 
   
   
       38 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the diesel composition has a viscosity of less than about 10 millipascals. 
   
   
       39 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , further comprising a small amount of one or more additives selected from the following group: thermal stabilizers, and combustion modifiers. 
   
   
       40 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the emulsifier component consists essentially of a single species selected from the group consisting of noncyclic polyol fatty acid esters and noncyclic polyol fatty alcohol ethers. 
   
   
       41 . The diesel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the emulsifier component is made substantially of glyceryl-α-monooleate. 
   
   
       42 . The diesel composition of  claim 23 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of envirolene, n-butanol and isopropanol. 
   
   
       43 . A biodiesel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the biodiesel composition consisting essentially of:
 biodiesel fuel;   a polar fluid; and   an emulsifier, the emulsifier being present in an amount effective for the hydrocarbon fuel, polar fluid, and emulsifier to form an emulsion,   wherein at least a portion of the emulsifier is selected from the group consisting essentially of noncyclic polyol fatty acid esters and noncyclic polyol fatty alcohol ethers, at least about half of that portion being mono-substituted.   
   
   
       44 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 43 , wherein the polar fluid includes oxygen. 
   
   
       45 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 43 , wherein the polar fluid is selected from the group consisting of water and alcohol. 
   
   
       46 . A biodiesel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the biodiesel composition comprising:
 biodiesel fuel; and   an oxygen-containing fluid;   wherein the oxygen-containing fluid is substantially homogeneously dispersed in the biodiesel to form the biodiesel composition.   
   
   
       47 . The biodiesel composition of  claim 46 , further comprising an emulsifier, the emulsifier being present in an amount effective for the biodiesel fuel, oxygen-containing fluid, and emulsifier to form an emulsion.

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