US2009260278A1PendingUtilityA1

Fuel compositions

39
Individually held — no corporate assignee on recordPriority: Apr 17, 2008Filed: Apr 17, 2008Published: Oct 22, 2009
Est. expiryApr 17, 2028(~1.7 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:William H. Klausmeier
C10L 1/328
39
PatentIndex Score
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Claims

Abstract

A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines has an alcohol component, a water component, and a cetane-enhancer component. An anhydrous emulsifier component may be either a glyceryl monooleate or ammonium oleate, and is present in an amount effective for the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components to form an emulsion. The fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the fuel composition, relative to fuel alone.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the fuel composition comprising:
 a fuel component;   an alcohol component;   a water component;   an anhydrous emulsifier component chosen from the group consisting of glyceryl monooleate and ammonium oleate, being present in an amount effective for the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components to form an emulsion; and   a cetane-enhancer component.   
   
   
       2 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alcohol has one to four carbons. 
   
   
       3 . The fuel composition of  claim 2 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol. 
   
   
       4 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is aqueous alcohol. 
   
   
       5 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the fuel composition, relative to fuel alone. 
   
   
       6 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of particulates by a threshold amount upon combustion of the fuel composition, relative to fuel alone. 
   
   
       7 . The fuel composition of  claim 6 , wherein the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components also are present in amounts effective to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides by a threshold amount upon combustion of the fuel composition, relative to fuel alone. 
   
   
       8 . The fuel composition of  claim 7 , wherein the polyol fatty acid esters and polyol fatty alcohol ethers include monoglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids. 
   
   
       9 . The fuel composition of  claim 8 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of arachidic, elaidic acid, erucic acid, gadoleic acid, margaroleic acid, myristoleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitoleic acid and oleic acid. 
   
   
       10 . The fuel composition of  claim 9 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid is oleic acid. 
   
   
       11 . The fuel composition of  claim 10 , wherein at least about half of the monoglycerides are end substituted. 
   
   
       12 . The fuel composition of  claim 8 , wherein at least about half of the monoglycerides are end substituted. 
   
   
       13 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to form an emulsion containing no more than about 90% fuel. 
   
   
       14 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier components are present in amounts effective to form micelles in which a substantially monomolecular layer of emulsifier component surrounds a substantially alcohol/water core. 
   
   
       15 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition is fluid at room temperature. 
   
   
       16 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition is suspended in air to form an aerosol. 
   
   
       17 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition has a viscosity of less than about 10 millipascals. 
   
   
       18 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a small amount of one or more additives selected from the following group: thermal stabilizers, and combustion modifiers. 
   
   
       19 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier component consists essentially of a single species selected from the group consisting of noncyclic polyol fatty acid esters and noncyclic polyol fatty alcohol ethers. 
   
   
       20 . The fuel composition of  claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier component is made substantially of glyceryl-α-monooleate. 
   
   
       21 . The fuel composition of  claim 2 , wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of envirolene, n-butanol and isopropanol. 
   
   
       22 . A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the fuel composition comprising:
 a hydrocarbon fuel component suitable for use in internal-combustion engines;   an alcohol component;   a water component;   an anhydrous emulsifier component; and   wherein the water and emulsifier are each provided in preselected amounts that are effective to achieve the desired NOX reduction, and wherein the water is provided in an amount according to the following formula: x % water to produce the desired NOX reduction in the range of 3-4x.   
   
   
       23 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein the hydrocarbon fuel component is substantially biodiesel fuel. 
   
   
       24 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein at least about half of the portion is end-substituted. 
   
   
       25 . The fuel composition of  claim 22 , wherein at least about half of the portion is a single species. 
   
   
       26 . A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the fuel composition comprising:
 a hydrocarbon fuel component suitable for use in internal-combustion engines;   a water component;   an emulsifier component, the emulsifier being present in an amount effective for the hydrocarbon fuel, polar fluid, and emulsifier components to form an emulsion,   wherein the emulsifier consists essentially of purified glyceryl monooleate; and   a cetane-enhancer component.   
   
   
       27 . A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, the fuel composition comprising:
 a hydrocarbon fuel component suitable for use in internal-combustion engines;   an alcohol component;   a water component; and   an emulsifier component consisting essentially of a single molecular species having a polar portion and a nonpolar portion, the emulsifier being present in an amount effective for the hydrocarbon fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier to form micelles containing the alcohol, water, and emulsifier.   
   
   
       28 . The fuel composition of  claim 27 , wherein the emulsifier component comprises a combination of a polyol fatty acid ester or polyol fatty alcohol ether with the ammonium salt of a carboxylic acid. 
   
   
       29 . The fuel composition of  claim 28 , wherein the carboxylic acid is oleic acid.

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