Spider esters as delivery systems

Abstract

The present invention is directed to the delivery of a variety of topically active materials from a class of compounds called spider esters, which are the topic of U.S. Pat. No. 7,437,707 incorporated herein by reference. According to this first aspect of the present invention, active ingredients are delivered more efficaciously to, and, where desired, through the skin (i.e., localized subdermal penetration). By “delivered more efficaciously” is meant a cream, lotion, gel or serum that is contacted with the skin such that the active ingredient(s) are delivered in a manner that has (i) the same or similar therapeutic effect but at lower dosage of the active ingredient(s), and/or (ii) the same or similar desired therapeutic effect over a longer period of time, and/or (iii) a better or improved therapeutic effect in comparison to the same dose of active ingredient(s) in another delivery vehicle.

1 . A delivery system which comprises:
 (a) an oil phase comprising at least one polar ester conforming to one of the following three structures:   (i)   
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein 
           a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; 
           b is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, with the proviso that a+b ranges from 1 to 4; 
           R 1  is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms; 
         
         (ii)
   (CH 3 ) x —C—(CH 2 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) a —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O) b —C(O)—R 1 ) y   
 wherein a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; 
 b is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, with the proviso that a+b ranges from 1 to 5; 
 R 1  is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms; 
 y is 4 or 3; 
 x equals 4−y; 
 
         (iii) 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein
   R 2  is —(CH 2 CH 2 O) a —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O) b —C(O)—R 1   
 
           a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; 
           b is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, with the proviso that a+b ranges from 1 to 5; 
           R 1  is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms; 
         
         (v) an aqueous phase; 
         (vi) at least one surfactant at a concentration of less than about 2%; 
         (vii) at least one active cosmetic or dermatologic active ingredient at a concentration sufficient to have the desired therapeutic effect. 
         (a) an oil phase comprising at least one polar ester conforming to one of the following three structures: 
         (i) 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein 
           a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; 
           b is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, with the proviso that a+b ranges from 1 to 4; 
           R 1  is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms; 
         
         (ii)
   (CH 3 ) x —C—(CH 2 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) a —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O) b —C(O)—R 1 ) y   
 wherein a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; 
 b is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, with the proviso that a+b ranges from 1 to 5; 
 R 1  is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms; 
 y is 4 or 3; 
 x equals 4−y; 
 
         (iii) 
       
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein
   R 2  is —(CH 2 CH 2 O) a —CH 2 CH(CH 3 )O) b —C(O)—R 1   
 
           a is an integer ranging from 0 to 4; 
           b is an integer ranging from 0 to 4, with the proviso that a+b ranges from 1 to 5; 
           R 1  is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms; 
         
       
       and at least one hydrophobic or lipophilic ingredient selected from the group consisting of:
 (i) a volatile linear silicone oil conforming to the following structure:
   (CH 3 ) 3 —Si—O—[Si(CH 3 —O] x —Si(CH 3 ) 3    
 wherein x is an integer from 0 to 7, preferably from 0 to 5; 
 
 (iii) a cyclic volatile silicone oil conforming to the following structure: 
 
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         
           wherein y is an integer from 3 to 6. 
         
         (x) a volatile straight or branched chain paraffinic hydrocarbon oil having 5 to 40 carbon atoms; 
         (xi) a non-volatile silicone oil, preferably have a viscosity ranging of from about 20 to 100,000 centistokes at 25° C.; 
         (xii) nonvolatile hydrocarbon oils including, but not limited to, isoparaffins and olefins having greater than 20 carbon atoms; 
         (xiii) a cosmetically-acceptable ester as described below; 
         (xiv) glyceryl esters of fatty acids or triglycerides, derived from animal or vegetable sources, non-limiting examples of which include castor oil, lanolin oil, Cl 10-18  triglycerides, caprylic/capric triglycerides, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, sesame oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, sunflower seed oil and walnut oil, and derivatives thereof; 
         (xv) fluorinated oils including, but not limited to, fluorinated silicones, fluorinated esters and perfluoropolyethers. 
         (xvi) guerbet esters formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with a guerbet alcohol. 
       
       and
 (c) at least one active cosmetic or dermatologic active ingredient at a concentration sufficient to have the desired therapeutic effect.