Novel sustainable building model

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel sustainable building, the outer enclosures, roofs and foundations of which form an envelope that is formed, with the exception of doors, windows and chimneys, by a central core ( 5 ) with a high heat storage capacity, by an inner liner or membrane ( 4 ) with a high thermal conductivity and which is in close contact with the central core, and by an outer thermally insulated and mechanically resistant skin ( 6 ).

1 . A novel sustainable building model, wherein its outer enclosures, roofs and foundations form an envelope that is formed, with the exception of doors, windows and chimneys, by a central core with a high heat storage capacity, by an inner liner or membrane with high thermal conductivity which is in close contact with the central core, and an outer thermally insulating and mechanically resistant skin, both the core and membrane as well as the structure, partitions and remaining elements with heating capacity of the enveloped building being conceived as a thermal warehouse based on the use of materials with a good heating capacity and the thermal insulation of the outer skin of the envelope; and in that air is extracted from inside the compartments in order to suitably renew it, while at the same time an amount of air exceeding the extracted amount is driven into the compartments so as to create a slight overpressure in relation to the outside, which overpressure is sufficient to prevent the natural entrance of outside air. 
     
     
         2 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the inner membrane or liner of the core of the envelope houses a crevice the walls of which have ribs and sudden changes of direction suitable for causing turbulences in a fluid, generally air, circulating through said crevices. 
     
     
         3 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 2 , wherein the membrane is formed by a partition constructed with prefabricated blocks coupled to one another and including the crevices therein with their ribs and changes of direction. 
     
     
         4 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 2 , wherein the membrane is formed by large prefabricated panels in two halves which are coupled to one another to form the crevice with its ribs and changes of direction. 
     
     
         5 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 2 , wherein the membrane is formed by large panels constructed by means of special molds which are later extracted or chemically dissolved after the unit has set, both in the workshop and on site, and containing the crevice with its ribs and changes of direction. 
     
     
         6 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 2 , wherein the membrane is formed by two elements, the first element consisting of channels engraved in the skin of the walls, floors or ceilings of the compartments, and the second element being formed by thin and smooth plates attached to said skin. 
     
     
         7 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 2 , wherein the membrane is formed by two elements, the first element consisting of thin plates with a smooth visible face, the other face containing engraved channels, the second element being formed by the smooth skin of the walls, floors or ceilings of the compartments on which the panels are attached on the face of the channels. 
     
     
         8 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 2 , wherein a fluid, generally air, is circulated through the crevices, moved by aspiration or suction, which fluid exchanges its energy with the walls of the crevice as a result of the turbulences caused in the air by the ribs or changes of direction. 
     
     
         9 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein ducts with good energy transmission capacity pass through the core, through which ducts an energy-loaded fluid is circulated. 
     
     
         10 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the core is formed by granular materials with good heat storage capacity and with hollows which allow the passage of energy-loaded fluids, preferably carried by piping that is a good energy transmitter, provided with open fissures or joints, which allow the inlets and outlets of fluids in their course through the core. 
     
     
         11 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the core is connected by means of heat transmitting routes with one or more external thermal warehouses. 
     
     
         12 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the outer skin consists of a first or thermal insulating layer in contact with the core and of another outer mechanical protection layer which also performs waterproofing in vertical planes, intercalating waterproofing between the two mentioned layers in the horizontal planes. 
     
     
         13 . A novel sustainable building model according to the  claim 1 , wherein the inner partitions of the building are formed like the inner liners or membranes of the core, but they lack outer skin on both faces. 
     
     
         14 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the air extracted from inside the building is subjected to heat exchange with the air that is driven into said building, without direct contact between the air. 
     
     
         15 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the air introduced into the home is previously subjected to a thermal conditioning process through an energy warehouse of a natural or renewable origin. 
     
     
         16 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein the air that is driven into the building is subjected to a prior dehumidifying process. 
     
     
         17 . A novel sustainable building model according to the  claim 1 , wherein the membranes and cores are permeable to water vapor. 
     
     
         18 . A novel sustainable building model according to  claim 1 , wherein an intelligent electronic device optimizes the use of the available energies, taking into account the temperatures of the cores and of the basement, as well as the temperatures and relative humidities of the indoor and outdoor air.