Macromolecular ketoaldehydes

Abstract

Methods of producing macromolecular compositions and using same are provided. The method includes preparing a resin material; forming an acetyl group on the resin material; and oxidizing the acetyl group via a one-step reaction including reacting a sulfoxide and an acid with the acetyl group to form a ketoaldehyde group. The macromolecular compositions are capable of removing an effective amount of one or more constituents from a physiological solution, such as urea during dialysis therapy.

1 . A macromolecular composition from about 5 μm to about 1 mm in size capable of removing an effective amount of one or more constituents from a solution, the macromolecular composition comprising an alpha-ketoaldehyde group attached to a phenyl group formed by oxidation of an acetylated macromolecular composition via a single-step reaction that includes reacting the acetylated macromolecular composition with a sulfoxide and a hydrohalic acid thereby forming the alpha-ketoaldehyde group, wherein an amount of the alpha-ketoaldehyde group is less than 3.6 mmol of alpha-ketoaldehyde per gram of macromolecular composition. 
   
   
       2 . The macromolecular composition of  claim 1  wherein the sulfoxide includes dimethylsulfoxide and wherein the hydrohalic acid includes hydrogen bromide. 
   
   
       3 . The macromolecular composition of  claim 1  wherein the macromolecular composition is capable of removing an effective amount of constituents from a physiological solution and wherein the constituents are selected from the group consisting of a nucleophilic moiety, an electron-rich chemical group, a Lewis base, a Bronsted base, an anion, including halides, molecules or radicals containing one or more heteroatoms with a free electron pair including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, urea, creatinine, uric acid, β-2 microglobulin, metabolic waste, proteinaceous matter, biological matter and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       4 . The macromolecular composition of  claim 1  wherein the macromolecular composition comprises a binder material that is used in a device to remove the constituents from the solution. 
   
   
       5 . The macromolecular composition of  claim 4  wherein the device is a part of a system capable of removing one or more constituents from dialysate during dialysis therapy. 
   
   
       6 . A method of providing dialysis therapy, the method comprising the steps of:
 passing a physiological fluid through a device wherein at least a portion of the device at least includes a macromolecular composition, the macromolecular composition comprising an alpha-ketoaldehyde group attached to a phenyl group formed by oxidation of an acetylated macromolecular composition via a single-step reaction that includes reacting the acetylated macromolecular composition with a sulfoxide and a hydrohalic acid thereby forming the ketoaldehyde group; and   removing one or more constituents from the physiological fluid.   
   
   
       7 . The method of  claim 6  wherein the physiological fluid includes dialysate that has been passed from a patient to the device which is in fluid contact with the device. 
   
   
       8 . The method of  claim 7  wherein the constituents are selected from the group consisting of a nucleophilic moiety, an electron-rich chemical group, a Lewis base, a Bronsted base, an anion, including halides, molecules or radicals containing one or more heteroatoms with a free electron pair including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, urea, creatinine, uric acid, β-2 microglobulin, metabolic waste, proteinaceous matter, biological matter and combinations thereof. 
   
   
       9 . The method of  claim 6  wherein the sulfoxide includes dimethylsulfoxide and the hydrohalic acid includes hydrogen bromide.