Method and device for a stream vortex transformation

Abstract

The invention relates to wind-power engineering and makes it possible to form a swirling vortex stream, to reduce a blade aerodynamic drag, to increase a stream kinetic energy and to reduce a converter power losses. The inventive method for a stream vortex transformation consists in guiding an input three-dimensional stream towards the internal concave blade surfaces ( 7 ) and in forming vortex cords thereon with the aid of vortex cord formers ( 8 ) which are arranged at an angle to the blade axis of rotation. A vortex converter comprises an axis and helical blades connected thereto with the aid of steppedly arranged holders and posts. The blade is a thin-shaped, has an aerodynamic profile shape and consists of at least two layers connected to each other. The vortex cord formers ( 8 ) are arranged on the internal concave surface ( 7 ) of a collecting layer across the blade and the cross section thereof is embodied in a saw-like form and has asymmetrical sides, the smallest of which is caved-in in an arc-like manner.

1 . A method of vortex transformation of a stream, involving the directing of an incoming stream onto the internal surface of a stationary device and swirling the stream by means of helical guides, characterized in that the kinetic energy of the incoming stream is increased by vortex cords which are formed by means of vortex cord formers arranged at an angle to the axis of rotation of blades, each of which is thin and contains at least two layers, joined together, and fastened to the axis of rotation with an axial gap, while the blade's cross-sectional profile is in the form of a complex curve, close to the shape of an effective aerodynamic profile, as described by the mathematical expression: L/D=2.5, where L is the length of the horizontal projection of the profile, and D is the diameter of the inscribed circle [3], with a shape correction depending on the elasticity of the composite material of the inner layer of the blade, which is made to be thin, produced by pretensioning the elements of the inner layer of the blade at the points of fastening to the elements of the load-bearing structures; the profile ends in a fairing or flap, whose curvature increases toward the axis of rotation, and the vortex cord formers are oriented in the direction of the incoming stream; they are made to taper toward the axis of rotation, and their edges are in the form of an asymptotically decreasing profile; the cross section of each former is saw-shaped with asymmetrical sides, the smaller of which is a concave arc, and at the moment of detachment of the flow from the internal surface in the area of the axis of rotation, the drag of the medium decreases, and the strongly swirled vortex stream formed by the joined vortices in the region of the axis of rotation is broken up by an oncoming axial current. 
   
   
       2 . A stream vortex transformer, containing an axis of rotation and one or more helical blades, which are made arc shaped in cross section, and joined to the axis by means of holders and poles arranged in tiers, characterized in that the blades, holders and poles are pretensioned, forming an integrated stressed structure; each blade is thin and contains at least two layers joined together and fastened to the axis of rotation with an axial gap, while the blade's cross-sectional profile is in the form of a complex curve, close to the shape of an effective aerodynamic profile, as described by the mathematical expression: L/D=2.5, where L is the length of the horizontal projection of the profile, and D is the diameter of the inscribed circle, with a shape correction depending on the elasticity of the composite material of the inner layer of the blade, produced by pretensioning the elements of the inner layer of the blade at the points of fastening to the elements of the load-bearing structures; the profile ends in a fairing or flap, whose curvature increases toward the axis of rotation; vortex cord formers are arranged on the internal concave surface of the compound layer, oriented in the direction of the incoming stream and tapering toward the axis of rotation, while the cross section of the former is saw-shaped with asymmetrical sides, the smaller of which is a concave arc, and the edges of the former are in the shape of an asymptotically decreasing profile. 
   
   
       3 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claim 2 , further characterized in that the profile of its aerodynamic projection has a narrow-cylindrical shape with a conical tip at one end according to the Phyllotaxis rule. 
   
   
       4 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claim 2 , further characterized in that the profile of its aerodynamic projection has a spindle shape according to the Phyllotaxis rule. 
   
   
       5 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claim 2 , further characterized in that the profile of its aerodynamic projection has a conical shape according to the Phyllotaxis rule. 
   
   
       6 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claims 2  to  5 , further characterized in that the axis of rotation coincides with the direction of the incoming stream. 
   
   
       7 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claims 2  to  6 , further characterized in that the axis of rotation does not coincide with the direction of the incoming stream. 
   
   
       8 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claims 2  to  7 , further characterized in that the shape of each individual element of the compound layer has a shape close to the shape of a trapezium. 
   
   
       9 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claims 2  to  8 , further characterized in that the smaller concave arc-shaped side of the vortex cord former, which is the working side, is oriented to face the flow reflected from the internal surface of the blade, when the axis of rotation of the rotor is placed vertically. 
   
   
       10 . The stream vortex transformer according to  claims 2  to  9 , further characterized in that the blade holders are arranged on the axis of rotation along a helical line with a variable angular displacement according to the Phyllotaxis rule.