Water combustion technology - methods, processes, systems and apparatus for the combustion of Hydrogen and Oxygen

Abstract

This invention presents improved combustion methods, systems, engines and apparatus utilizing H 2 , O 2 and H 2 O as fuel, thereby providing environmentally friendly combustion products, as well as improved fuel and energy management methods, systems, engines and apparatus. The Water Combustion Technology; WCT, is based upon water (H 2 O) chemistry, more specifically H 2 O combustion chemistry and thermodynamics. WCT does not use any hydrocarbon fuel source, rather the WCT uses H 2 preferably with O 2 and secondarily with air. The WCT significantly improves the thermodynamics of combustion, thereby significantly improving the efficacy of combustion, utilizing the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The WCT preferably controls combustion temperature with H 2 O and secondarily with air in the combustion chamber. The WCT preferably recycles exhaust gases as fuel converted from water. The WCT minimizes external cooling loops and minimizes exhaust and/or exhaust energy, thereby maximizing available work and internal energy while minimizing enthalpy and entropy losses.

1 . An engine comprising a mixture of oxygen, as O 2 , and hydrogen, as H 2 , wherein
 temperature of combustion is at least partially controlled with air to combustion in excess over that required to perform combustion, and wherein the excess air reduces at least one of the combustion temperature and formation of nitrogen oxides.   
     
     
         2 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein mechanical rotating energy is created. 
     
     
         3 . The engine of  claim 2 , wherein at least a part of said rotating mechanical energy turns a generator to create electrical energy. 
     
     
         4 . The engine of  claim 3 , wherein at least a portion of said electrical energy is used in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen, and wherein
 at least a portion of at least one of the hydrogen and oxygen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         5 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least part of a steam produced by combustion turns a generator to create electrical energy. 
     
     
         6 . The engine of  claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of said electrical energy is used in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen, and wherein
 at least a portion of at least one of said hydrogen and oxygen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         7 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein said air to combustion flows through a compressor. 
     
     
         8 . The engine of  claim 1 , further comprising water in said mixture. 
     
     
         9 . The engine of  claim 8 , wherein said water comprises at least one selected from a list consisting of a: corrosion inhibitor, chelant, dispersant and any combination therein. 
     
     
         10 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the steam produced by combustion is converted to hydrogen by the corrosion of at least one metal and wherein
 at least a portion of said hydrogen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         11 . The engine of  claim 10 , wherein the conversion of said steam into said hydrogen is increased by an electrical current in said metal(s). 
     
     
         12 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein a generator turns due to the movement of air or water, and wherein
 said generator creates electrical energy, and wherein   said electrical energy is at least partially utilized in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen, and wherein   at least a portion of at least one of said hydrogen and oxygen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         13 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein a photovoltaic cell creates electrical energy, and wherein
 said electrical energy is at least partially used in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen, and wherein   at least a portion of at least one of said hydrogen and oxygen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         14 . The engine of  claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:
 cryogenic air separation,   membrane air separation, and   PSA air separation, wherein   said engine powers at least a portion of said air separation.   
     
     
         15 . The engine of  claim 14 , wherein the oxygen separated from air is at least one of enriched oxygen, pure oxygen and very pure oxygen, and wherein
 at least a portion of the oxygen separated from air is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         16 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of oxygen and hydrogen is stored in at least one of a cooled gas state and a liquid state by liquefaction. 
     
     
         17 . The engine of  claim 16 , wherein compressor(s) for at least one of said cooling and liquefaction is powered by at least one of said engine and a fuel cell. 
     
     
         18 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least one selected form a list consisting of: hydrogen, oxygen and water are preheated prior to combustion with the energy from at least one selected from a list consisting of: ambient temperature, said engine, said engine exhaust, an electrical radiant heat source and any combination therein. 
     
     
         19 . The engine of  claim 2 , wherein said mechanical rotating energy from said engine enters a transmission, wherein
 said transmission engage in a manner that is inversely proportional to at least one of the torque and work output of said engine, and wherein   said transmission output mechanical rotating energy turn a generator to create electrical energy.   
     
     
         20 . The engine of  claim 19 , wherein said transmission engage a flywheel capable of storing rotational kinetic energy, wherein
 said flywheel turns said generator.   
     
     
         21 . The engine of  claim 19 , wherein at least a portion of said electrical energy is used in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen, and wherein
 at least a portion of at least one of said hydrogen and oxygen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         22 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein said engine is insulated. 
     
     
         23 . The engine of  claim 1 , further comprising jet propulsion. 
     
     
         24 . The engine of  claim 24 , wherein said engine exhaust is cooled with water. 
     
     
         25 . The engine of  claim 1 , further comprising rocket propulsion. 
     
     
         26 . The engine of  claim 1 , further comprising transportation.