Water combustion technology- methods, processes, systems and apparatus for the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen

Abstract

This invention presents improved combustion methods, systems, engines and apparatus utilizing H 2 , O 2 and H 2 O as fuel, thereby providing environmentally friendly combustion products, as well as improved fuel and energy management methods, systems, engines and apparatus. The Water Combustion Technology; WCT, is based upon water (H 2 O) chemistry, more specifically H 2 O combustion chemistry and thermodynamics. WCT does not use any hydrocarbon fuel source, rather the WCT uses H 2 preferably with O 2 and secondarily with air. The WCT significantly improves the thermodynamics of combustion, thereby significantly improving the efficacy of combustion, utilizing the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The WCT preferably controls combustion temperature with H 2 O and secondarily with air in the combustion chamber. The WCT preferably recycles exhaust gases as fuel converted from water. The WCT minimizes external cooling loops and minimizes exhaust and/or exhaust energy, thereby maximizing available work and internal energy while minimizing enthalpy and entropy losses.

1 . An engine comprising a mixture of hydrogen, as H 2 , and oxygen, as O 2 , wherein temperature of combustion is at least partially controlled with the addition of water to combustion, and wherein at least one of:
 a) a generator turns due to the movement of air or water, wherein    the generator creates electrical energy, wherein    the electrical energy is at least partially utilized in the producing hydrogen and oxygen from the electrolysis of water, and wherein    at least a portion of at least one of the hydrogen and of the oxygen from the electrolysis of water is used in said mixture; and   b) a photovoltaic cell creates electrical energy, wherein    the electrical energy is at least partially used in the producing hydrogen and oxygen from the electrolysis of water, and wherein    at least a portion of at least one of the hydrogen and of the oxygen from the electrolysis of water is used in said mixture; and wherein   the engine creates rotating mechanical energy.   
     
     
         2 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of:
 c) at least a portion of the steam produced by said engine turns a generator to create electrical energy, and   d) at least a portion of said rotating mechanical energy turns a generator to create electrical energy.   
     
     
         3 . The engine of  claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of said electrical energy is used in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen, and wherein
 at least a portion of at least one of the hydrogen and of the oxygen is in said mixture.   
     
     
         4 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the steam produced by combustion is converted to hydrogen by the corrosion of at least one metal, and wherein
 at least a portion of the hydrogen is used in said mixture.   
     
     
         5 . The engine of  claim 4 , wherein the conversion of said steam into said hydrogen is increased by an electrical current in said metal(s). 
     
     
         6 . The engine of  claim 1 , further comprising at least one of:
 cryogenic air separation,   membrane air separation, and   PSA air separation, wherein   said engine powers at least a portion of said air separation.   
     
     
         7 . The engine of  claim 6 , wherein the oxygen separated from air is at least one of enriched oxygen, pure oxygen and very pure oxygen. 
     
     
         8 . The engine of  claim 6 , wherein at least a portion of the oxygen separated from air is used in said mixture. 
     
     
         9 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein said water comprises at least one selected from a list consisting of a: corrosion inhibitor, chelant, dispersant and any combination therein. 
     
     
         10 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein said engine performs at least one of: internal, turbine and heating combustion. 
     
     
         11 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of said oxygen and of said hydrogen is stored in at least one of a cooled gas state and a liquid state by liquefaction. 
     
     
         12 . The engine of  claim 11 , wherein compressor(s) for at least one of cooling and liquefaction of at least one of said oxygen and said hydrogen is powered by at least one of said engine and a fuel cell. 
     
     
         13 . The engine of  claim 12 , wherein said fuel cell is powered by said hydrogen and at least one of said oxygen and air. 
     
     
         14 . The engine of  claim 2 , wherein said rotating mechanical energy from said engine enters a transmission, wherein
 the transmission engage in a manner that is inversely proportional to at least one of the torque and work output of said engine, and wherein   the transmission output mechanical rotating energy turn a generator to create electrical energy.   
     
     
         15 . The engine of  claim 14 , wherein said transmission engage a flywheel capable of storing rotational kinetic energy, wherein
 the flywheel turns said generator.   
     
     
         16 . The engine of  claim 14 , wherein at least a portion of said electrical energy is used in the electrolysis of water to hydrogen and oxygen. 
     
     
         17 . The engine of  claim 16 , wherein at least of portion of at least one of said hydrogen and of said oxygen is used in said mixture. 
     
     
         18 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein a portion of at least one of said hydrogen and of said oxygen is in the form of a gel comprising frozen water. 
     
     
         19 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein said engine creates electrical energy. 
     
     
         20 . The engine of  claim 1 , wherein said engine is insulated.